Objective: To evaluate the levels of anxiety, depression, and stress associated with the practice of physical exercise (PE) during pandemic by COVID-19. Methods: This study has a cross-sectional characteristic and was carried out between May 12 and 14, 2020. An online questionnaire was applied with questions to assess sociodemographic characteristics and physical exercise during the CoVID-19 pandemic, in addition to depression, anxiety, and stress analysis. The study was approved by the local ethics committee (CAAE: 31521720.8.0000.5082). Results: One thousand one hundred and fifty four answered the questionnaire (69.84% female). During the isolation period, the number of participants who declared not to exercise was 54.16%. Women generaly presented higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress when compared to men ( p < 0.0001 for all domains). The risk of having increased anxiety were 118% higher (OR = 2.183; 95% CI = 1.717–2.775), the risk of depression was 152% higher (OR = 2.525; 95% CI = 1.991–3.205), and the risk of stress symptoms increased 75.1% (OR = 1.751; 95% CI = 1.386–2.213) in the participants who did not perform PE when compared to those who maintain regular PE. Conclusion: People who was not involved with PE during the COVID-19 pandemic had higher anxiety, depression, and stress scores. Based on this, it seems important to advise people to continue PE, following all the recommendations of preventive measures of the pertinent health organizations.

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Different exercise models have been used in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), like moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT); however, their effects on autonomic modulation are unknown. The present study aimed to compare the effects of different exercise modes on autonomic modulation in patients with T2D. In total, 44 adults with >5 years of T2D diagnosis were recruited and stratified into three groups: HIIT-30:30 (n = 15, age 59.13 ± 5.57 years) that performed 20 repetitions of 30 s at 100% of VO2peak with passive recovery, HIIT-2:2 (n = 14, age 61.20 ± 2.88) that performed 5 repetitions of 2 min at 100% of VO2peak with passive recovery, and MICT (n = 15, age 58.50 ± 5.26) that performed 14 min of continuous exercise at 70% of VO2peak. All participants underwent anamnesis and evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac autonomic modulation. All protocols were equated by total distance and were performed two times per week for 8 weeks. Group × time interactions were observed for resting heart rate (HRrest) [F(2.82) = 3.641; p = 0.031] and SDNN [F(2.82) = 3.462; p = 0.036]. Only the HIIT-30:30 group significantly reduced SDNN (p = 0.002 and 0.025, respectively). HRrest reduced more in the HIIT-30:30 group compared with the MICT group (p = 0.038). Group × time interactions were also observed for offTAU [F(2.82) = 3.146; p = 0.048] and offTMR [F(2.82) = 4.424; p = 0.015]. The MICT group presented increased values of offTAU compared with the HIIT-30:30 and HIIT-2:2 groups (p = 0.001 and 0.013, respectively), representing a slower HR response after eight weeks of intervention. HIIT, specially HIIT-30:30, represents a promising measure for improving autonomic modulation in patients with T2D.

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theless, other factors, particularly the adrenergic system, may contribute to myocardial hypertrophy rr), 1. Fifteen patients with essential hypertension, class 1, 11 WHO, nine males and six females, whose mean age was 46 were given atenolol, 100 mg a day, for 1 year.2. After 1 month, compared with control, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate and cardiac Output were whereas left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and stroke volume were increased and total vascular resistances, wall stress, left ventricular mass and hldialL$he reversibility of hypernnsive left ventricular hypertrophy with treatment is controversial and the influence of the various antihypertensive drugs is still doubtful.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of atenolol, a selective Badrenergic blocking agent, on hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy.stolic radius (R) ratio were unchanged.3. After 1 year, compared with control, systolic Methods and diastolic-blood pressures, heart rate and cardiac output were still reduced, total vascular resistance and wall stress were unchanged. Enddiastolic dimension and stroke volume reverted to previous values; left ventricular mass and h/R ratio were significantly decreased. 4. These results show that leR ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension can revert after 1 year of treatment with atenolol, at least in relatively young people. Since the left ventricle wall stress was not changed after atenolol, the regression of left ventricle hypertrophy seems prevalently to be related to the decrease of adrenergic activity of the heart. Fifteen patients (nine males and six females), of mean age 46 f. SD 9 years, with essential arterial hypertension, class I, I1 WHO, lasting for 4 f 3.9 (0-12) years were investigated after informed consent.After 15 days of placebo, they received 100 mg of atenolol, once a day, for at least 1 year.Patients were examined at the end of a period of placebo (control) and after 1,2,3,6,9 and 12 months of atenolol treatment. Blood pressure was evaluated by sphygmomanometer measurements and heart rate by the electrocardiogram, after 10 min in a supine position and after 3 min standing. An M-mode echocardiogram was recorded after placebo and after 1 and-12 months of treatment. An Organon Teknika ultrasound unit with transducer of 2-25 MHz, 0 12 mm, focused at 7.5