Purpose:To compare spiral CT with conventional radiography in planning the orthodontic treatment of impacted permanent maxillary canines. Methods: Nineteen patients with 29 malpositioned permanent maxillary canines (15 palatal and 12 buccal impactions, one ectopic and one transposition) were examined with conventional panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiography and with spiral CT (at 1 mm slice thickness, and 1:1 or 2:1 pitch) using multiplanar (MPR) and 3D reconstruction. Results: Conventional radiography failed to depict root resorption especially on the buccal surfaces of the incisor teeth. CT located impacted teeth better. Contact between impacted maxillary canines and incisor roots was demonstrated in 26 cases and root resorption in eight. MPR proved to be superior for the orientation of impacted teeth, and, in two cases, confirmed the presence of minimal root lesions for which axial images had proved inconclusive. The 3D reconstructions were useful in targeting the MPR. Conclusions: CT facilitates the treatment of impacted canine especially when the teeth are very oblique to the arch. Root resorption is better demonstrated especially on the palatal and buccal surfaces of the adjacent incisors. Spiral CT reduces examination time and risk of accidental movement, thus optimizing MPR quality. Examination at 2:1 pitch enables a significant reduction in radiation exposure without loss of image quality.
A strategy to reduce postoperative ocular infections might consist in maintaining a high antibiotic concentration in the eye by using a topical slow-release drug formulation. Fibrin glue is widely used in ocular surgery. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, cephalothin and gentamicin were added to a 500 IU/ml thrombin solution, their concentrations in 1 g fibrin glue being 500 µg for vancomycin and 400 µg for the other drugs. The in vitro antibacterial activity of antibiotic-impregnated fibrin glue was evaluated against a recent clinical isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Moreover the antibiotic elution from fibrin discs in saline was assayed for up to 96 h. Fibrin glue properties were maintained when thrombin was reconstituted with a CaCl2 solution additioned with the antibiotics tested. All antibiotic fibrin mixtures exhibited good antistaphylococcal activity immediately after the preparation. A prolonged inhibition (4 days) of S. epidermidis growth was observed with teicoplanin discs. Gentamicin and teicoplanin levels were higher than those of the other antibiotics. The results suggest that the fibrin glycopeptide and/or gentamicin mixtures can be used, both prophylactically and therapeutically, in ocular surgery.
Sparfloxacin, a new difluorinated quinolone antibiotic, was employed in the treatment of catheter-induced endocarditis in rabbits infected with a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Animals (n = 12) in the study group received sparfloxacin, 25 mg/kg body weight every 12 h intravenously. Comparison groups were untreated controls (n = 9) and animals injected with vancomycin (n = 13) at the same dosage. MICs and MBCs of the test organism were both 1.56 mg/l for vancomycin and 0.15/0.30 mg/l for sparfloxacin. Antibiotic treatments started 24 h after bacterial challenge and lasted 4 days until sacrifice. In comparison with no treatment, both sparfloxacin and vancomycin significantly reduced the bacterial counts in aortic vegetations, while no significant difference was found between the two antibiotics. Combination of the two antibiotics, tried in a smaller group of rabbits (n = 3) showed no advantages over either single-drug therapy. Our results suggest that sparfloxacin is a potentially useful agent, at least in the rabbit model, for treating MRSA endocardial infections.
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