This chapter provides an overview on the status of EPN research in India, which includes their biodiversity, efficacy against different crop insect pests, compatibility with existing integrated pest management (IPM) practices, recent development in mass production, formulation and application, and future directions for their effective utilization in the Indian farming system. It can be concluded that the future of EPNs in the control of crop insect pests seems to be promising in India. Intensive surveys were undertaken from different parts and agroclimatic regions of the country, but there is still need for a considerable level of information on the biology and potential efficacy of indigenous strains. Proper application technology has to be developed against foliar pests using antidesiccants and UV protectants. Intensive research is needed in solid and liquid fermentation technology for the mass production and commercialization of EPNs in the Indian market. There are several companies producing EPNs commercially in foreign countries, but in India only a few companies are producing EPNs. There is a need to set up local-level cooperatives, cottage industries and farmers' entrepreneurship programmes to produce nematodes cheaply and effectively for their inclusion in IPM and then for on-site use.
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