Gold thioglucose (GTG)-treated hyperphagic obese mice exhibit a pronounced anorexia upon adrenalectomy which is reversed by the systemic administration of adrenal glucocorticoids. To determine whether the return of hyperphagia was mediated by an action of the hormones on the central nervous system, food intake and body weight were monitored in anorexic GTG-treated obese adrenalectomized mice which received a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of very small amounts of adrenal glucocorticoids, including cortisone, corticosterone, and dexamethasone. The responses of untreated controls and adrenalectomized control mice were also studied. To rule out possible systemic effects of icv injections of adrenal glucocorticoids, food intake and body weight were also monitored in similar mice given a single ip injection of the hormones. We found that hyperphagia was restored and weight loss abolished in anorexic GTG-treated obese adrenalectomized mice after a single icv injection of adrenal glucocorticoids; the dose of cortisone required was found to be 1/60th of that previously shown to be needed systemically to restore hyperphagia. A single ip injection of these adrenal hormones in the small amounts given icv failed to induce hyperphagia in these mice. The icv and ip injections of the adrenal glucocorticoids did not significantly affect food intake or body weight of untreated controls and adrenalectomized control mice. These findings indicate that adrenal glucocorticoids act via the central nervous system in restoring hyperphagia in anorexic GTG-treated obese adrenalectomized mice.
Tooth whitening systems are widely used clinically and for home usage. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two bleaching gels, each containing 10 percent and 15 percent carbamide peroxide, respectively, a ‘bleaching gel’ without carbamide peroxide, and carbamide peroxide alone on the viability of human endothelial cells in vitro in comparison with culture medium that acted as a negative control. The incubation period used was 30 minutes. A colorimetric viability assay (MTT assay) was employed. The results showed that the gel without carbamide peroxide is not cytotoxic compared to the negative control, while carbamide peroxide on its own and 10 percent and 15 percent carbamide peroxide bleaching gels were cytotoxic, but there were no significant differences (p< 0.05) among these latter three test groups. These data indicate that 10 percent and 15 percent carbamide peroxide bleaching gels are cytotoxic and that carbamide peroxide is the component responsible for this cytotoxic effect. This paper also discusses why this in vitro cytotoxic effect appears not to be significant in vivo.
Sepiapterin did not prevent ACTH- or dexamethasone-induced hypertension. NOLA exacerbated dexamethasone-induced hypertension. These data suggest that eNOS uncoupling does not play a major role in the genesis of glucocorticoid-induced hypertension in the rat.
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