Flat beams -beams with asymmetric transverse emittances -have important applications in novel light-source concepts, advanced-acceleration schemes and could possibly alleviate the need for damping rings in lepton colliders. Over the last decade, a flat-beam-generation technique based on the conversion of an angular-momentum-dominated beam was proposed and experimentally tested. In this paper we explore the production of compressed flat beams. We especially investigate and optimize the flat-beam transformation for beams with substantial fractional energy spread. We use as a simulation example the photoinjector of the Fermilab's Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA). The optimizations of the flat beam generation and compression at ASTA were done via start-to-end numerical simulations for bunch charges of 3.2 nC, 1.0 nC and 20 pC at~37 MeV. The optimized emittances of flat beams with different bunch charges were found to be 0.25 μm (emittance ratio is~400), 0.13 μm, 15 nm before compression, and 0.41 μm, 0.20 μm, 16 nm after full compression, respectively with peak currents as high as 5.5 kA for a 3.2-nC flat beam. These parameters are consistent with requirements needed to excite wakefields in asymmetric dielectric-lined waveguides or produce significant photon flux using small-gap micro-undulators.
Many front-end applications of electron linear accelerators rely on the production of temporally-compressed bunches. The shortening of electron bunches is often realized with magnetic bunch compressors located in high-energy sections of accelerators. Magnetic compression is subject to collective effects including space charge and self interaction via coherent synchrotron radiation. In this paper we explore the application of magnetic compression to low-energy (∼ 40 MeV), high-charge (nC) electron bunches with low normalized transverse emittances (< 5 µm).
Terahertz (THz) radiation occupies a very large portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and has generated much recent interest due to its ability to penetrate deep into many organic materials without the damage associated with ionizing radiation such as x-rays. One path for generating copious amount of tunable narrow-band THz radiation is based on the Smith-Purcell free-electron laser (SPFEL) effect. In this Letter we propose a simple concept for a compact two-stage tunable SPFEL operating in the superradiant regime capable of radiating at the grating's fundamental bunching frequency. We demonstrate its capabilities and performances via computer simulation using the conformal finite-difference time-domain electromagnetic solver vorpal. [5,6]. THz sources based on SPFELs are foreseen to have table-top footprint and can operate in a continuous wave mode, enabling the production of moderate average output power (on the order of Watts).In an SPFEL, a low energy (∼ 50 keV) sheet DC electron beam is propagated close to a metallic grating with velocity v ≡ cβŷ . The beam excites evanescent surface waves with axial field of the form E y,e (x, y) = E 0,e exp(αx) where α ≡ 2π/(βγλ e ) and γ ≡ (1 − β 2 ) −1/2 is the Lorentz factor. The evanescent wave can, under certain circumstances, have a negative group velocity [2]. In such a case the wave counter-streams the electron beam direction and can couple to the beam, thereby giving rise to an energy modulation. Due to the non-relativistic nature of the beam (γ ≃ 1), the impressed energy modulation eventually transforms into a density modulation at wavelength λ e . The produced microbunches will result in strongly enhanced radiation at harmonic frequencies of the microbunching frequency f e ≡ c/λ e . In an SPFEL the radiative mechanism is the Smith-Purcell (SP) effect [7]. If instead of a DC electron beam, a beam consisting of a train of microbunches is used the SP radiation is emitted in the super-radiant regime [8][9][10] in which the radiation rate goes as th number of electrons in each microbunch squared. Prebunching the electron beam in a way that satisfies emission of super-radiant radiation is however challenging and a possible solution discussed in, e.g., Ref.[11] significantly decreases the average power capability of the SPFEL.In this Letter we consider and present detailed numerical simulations of a "two-stage" SPFEL; see Fig. 1. In such a configuration a first stage, referred to as a "buncher", is optimized to enhance the beam-evanescent wave interaction, thereby resulting in faster bunching than in the configuration analyzed in previous papers [2,3,12]. A second stage, referred to as a "radiator", consists of a grating with parameters tuned to produce coherent SP radiation at frequencies nf e (n is an integer). The numerical simulations were performed using vorpal, a conformal finite-difference time-domain (CFDTD) particle-in-cell electromagnetic solver [13]. vorpal is a parallel, object-oriented framework for three dimensional relativistic electrostatic and elec...
In addition to testing superconducting accelerating cavities for future accelerators, it is foreseen to support a variety of Advanced Accelerator R&D (AARD) experiments. Producing the required electron bunches with the expected flexibility is challenging. The goal of this dissertation is to explore via numerical simulations new accelerator beamlines that can enable the advanced manipulation of electron bunches. The work especially includes the design of a low-energy bunch compressor and a study of transverse-to-longitudinal phase space exchangers.
The Superconducting Radio Frequency Test Accelerator, a linear electron accelerator currently in construction at Fermilab's New Muon Laboratory, will eventually reach energies of ∼ 900 MeV using four ILC-type superconducting accelerating cryomodules. The accelerator's construction is staged according to cryomodules availability. The first phase that will support first beam operation incorporates one cryomodule. In this Note, we summarize a possible design for the first-beam accelerator configuration.
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