In this study, a biological process of bone remodeling was considered as a closed loop feedback control system, which enables bone to optimize and renew itself over a lifetime. A novel idea of combining strain-adaptive and damage-induced remodeling algorithms at Basic Multicellular Unit (BMU) level was introduced. In order to make the outcomes get closer to clinical observation, the stochastic occurrence of microdamage was involved and a hypothesis that remodeling activation probability is related to the value of damage rate was assumed. Integrated with Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the changes of trabecular bone in morphology and material properties were simulated in the course of five years. The results suggest that deterioration and anisotropy of trabecluar bone are inevitable with natural aging, and that compression rather than tension can be applied to strengthen the ability of resistance to fracture. This investigation helps to gain more insight the mechanism of bone loss and identify improved treatment and prevention for osteoporosis or stress fracture.
Bone cells live in an environment heavily influenced by mechanical forces. The researches of bone cell responses in hard scaffolds under differently mechanical conditions will be greatly beneficial to elucidating the mechanisms of bone mechanotransduction as well as applications of mechanical condition in bone tissue engineering. However, the appropriate device for the experiments is prerequisite. A loading device suitable to hard scaffold for study on mechanical responses of bone cells was made by usage of a kind of long-travel, high-load piezoelectric actuator. The device, which is so small enough to work in a standard incubator, can cause hard scaffolds with directly uniaxial compressive strains with more magnitudes, frequency components, and waveforms, including bone physiologically mechanical state, precisely controlled by a computer. The device achieves precise mechanical conditions by testing verification. The device may produce a model that will be suitable for investigating the influences of mechanical responses on bone cells in 3D hard scaffolds in vitro matching that in cancellous bone in vivo and may be applied during bone tissue engineering culture.
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