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Our results show that when the TPS ≥50% is used as the end point, PD-L1 IHC performs well with cytology cell blocks. Cell blocks should be considered as a valuable resource for PD-L1 testing in advanced NSCLC. The clinical significance of higher PD-L1 IHC scores in cytology specimens needs to be evaluated prospectively.

Despite elderly patients' receiving less chemotherapy, adjuvant vinorelbine and cisplatin improves survival in patients older than 65 years with acceptable toxicity. Adjuvant chemotherapy should not be withheld from elderly patients.