The case records of 106 cats with idiopathic cardiomyopathy that presented to the Feline Centre of the University of Bristol between September 1994 and September 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the most common form seen (57.5%), followed by restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) (20.7%), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (10.4%) and unclassified cardiomyopathy (UCM) (10.4%). One cat showed echocardiographic changes compatible with a moderator band cardiomyopathy (MBCM). Most affected cats were domestic short hairs (DSH) (57.5%). The mean (+/-SD, range) age of cats with cardiomyopathy at presentation was 6.8 (4.3, 0.5-16) years, with an equal distribution of males and females. Clinical findings, electrocardiographic changes and radiographic abnormalities were also reviewed. The median survival time for 73 cats for which follow-up data was available was 300 days. A greater survival time was observed for cats with UCM (925 days) when compared with those with HCM (492 days), RCM (132 days) or DCM (11 days).
Abstract:Objectives To report the use of computed tomography (CT) in conjunction with clinical signs to assess severity of pectus excavatum (PE) in kittens and to guide surgical decision making. To report medium term outcome in a prospective cohort of kittens undergoing surgical correction. MethodsProspective study of ten, 10-15 week old kittens diagnosed with moderate/severe pectus excavatum Results CT provides additional information useful for selecting patients for surgical correction and for planning that surgery. Traditional radiographic indices (vertebral, frontosagittal) provide reasonable approximations of the CT determined dimensions but these seem to correlate poorly with the severity of clinical signs. Kittens commonly have lateralised deformities which are associated with less severe clinical symptoms, whilst those with midline deformities are associated with more severe clinical signs. 6/7 kittens with severe PE which had a ventral splint applied for 4 weeks had excellent medium term outcomes. Clinical SignificanceRestriction of diastolic filling by midline sternal deviation may be an important cause of exercise intolerance in cats with pectus excavatum. CT can be used to assess affected kittens and to plan surgery when indicated.http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jfms Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery tendencies have been demonstrated, it may well be a phenotypic response to a variety 56 of underlying conditions and its aetiology is incompletely understood. 7 The incidence of 57 PE in kittens is unknown although the defect seems to be more commonly seen in 58Bengal cats than domestic short hair (DSH) cats which is suggestive of there being a 59 familial component to its expression. 8 The presence of PE is also positively correlated 60 with flat-chested kitten syndrome in Burmese cats. 9 61 62In cats, the severity of the deformity is traditionally graded using the vertebral (VI) and 63 frontosagittal (FSI) indices as measured from orthogonal view thoracic radiographs 64 (table 1). 1 In man, however, computed tomography (CT) is commonly employed to 65 assess both the severity of the deformity and to assist with preoperative surgical 66 planning. 5,10 67 68The authors had noted an apparent discrepancy between the severity of clinical 69 symptoms and radiographically determined vertebral and frontosagittal indices. This 70 The sternebrae closest to the overlying major cardiovascular structures were 5-7 (4 197 kittens), 5-8 (2 kittens), 6-8 (2 kittens), 6-7 (2 kittens), 4-6 (1 kittens) (see figure 3). 198The dorsal aspect of the sternal deformity was judged to be in contact with a major 199 cardiovascular structure in 9/10 cases. suggests that radiographically determined VI should be relatively constant independent 252 of the respiratory phase at which they were taken. 253 254There was reasonable correlation between radiographically determined and CT-255 determined VI and FSI, CT consistently gave a lower value for the VI with a mean 256 difference of 0.53 and FSI calculated from CT images tended...
Twenty-four specific pathogen-free cats were inoculated with 3 x 10(3) infectious units of a field isolate of Chlamydia psittaci on to the corneal surface. Seven days later they were assigned randomly to three groups of eight and treated orally for 19 days with either clavulanic acid-potentiated amoxycillin, doxycycline or a placebo. Both treated groups responded rapidly, with a marked reduction in isolation rates and clinical scores which were significantly lower than in the placebo group within two and four days, respectively. After two days the group treated with potentiated amoxycillin had a significantly lower isolation score than the group treated with doxycycline. Forty days after they were infected the clinical signs recurred in five of the eight cats treated with potentiated amoxycillin, but a four-week course of potentiated amoxycillin resulted in a complete clinical recovery with no evidence of a recurrence for six months.
Twenty-four specific-pathogen-free-derived cats aged four to 11 months were challenged by ocular application of a field isolate of Chlamydia psittaci to evaluate the effect of topical and systemic therapy on the course of disease. The cats were monitored for 35 days post-challenge, with severity of clinical signs being measured using a scoring system, and ocular shedding of the organism monitored by culture of conjunctival swabs. All cats developed active C psittaci infection, and after 7 days the cats were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group P (placebo) was given twice-daily ophthalmic tear-replacement ointment; group F was given twice-daily topical 1% fusidic acid ophthalmic viscous drops; group C was given twice-daily topical 1% chlortetracycline ophthalmic ointment; and group D was given doxycycline at 10 mg/kg daily per os in addition to twice-daily topical 1% fusidic acid ophthalmic ointment. Within 24 h of commencement of therapy, group D had significantly lower median clinical scores than group P, and with the exception of day 16, this trend was maintained throughout the observation period. Median clinical scores of cats in group F were not appreciably different to those in group P, whereas the median scores of cats in group C generally fell between those of groups P and D. The median duration of C psittaci shedding was 10 and 15 days for groups D and C respectively, but four of the six cats in groups F and P were still shedding organisms at the end of the study (day 35). In this study, systemic therapy with doxycycline proved superior to topical therapy in the treatment of feline chlamydiosis.
The current recommended treatment for feline chlamydophilosis involves daily oral administration of antimicrobials to all cats within an affected group for a prolonged period of time (4-6 weeks). Not surprisingly, owner compliance can be poor resulting in apparent treatment failure. Recent anecdotal evidence, supported by its efficacy in the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in humans, has suggested that azithromycin may offer an alternative by allowing less frequent dosing for a shorter duration. A clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of chlamydia (Chlamydophila felis) infection in cats. Whilst azithromycin, given at 10-15 mg/kg daily for 3 days and then twice weekly, provided a similar, rapid resolution of clinical signs and negative isolation scores as doxycycline, C felis was re-isolated in four out of the five cats treated. Furthermore, even daily administration of azithromycin to chronically infected cats was ineffective in clearing infection. The azithromycin protocols used here were therefore found to be unsuccessful in eliminating the carriage of this strain of C felis.
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