Sunflower is reported to suffer heavy losses because of fungal, viral and bacterial diseases and one of the prominent diseases among them is powdery mildew caused by E. cichoracearum. Recently Powdery mildew is most important limiting factors for production of sunflower in Karnataka. Management of powdery mildew in sunflower was studied in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Azadirachtin, NSKE, Turmeric (leaf extract), Lantana camara (leaf extract) and Ipomoea carnea (leaf extract) were effective in inhibiting spore germination of pathogen both under in vitro condition at 5 per cent concentration. Similar trend was observed in field condition also with Azadirachtin and NSKE at 5 per cent concentration with least disease incidence of 25.78 and 27.56 per cent disease index, respectively in contrast to 83.33 per cent disease index in control.How to view point the article : Dinesh, B.M., Kulkarni, Shripad, Harlapur, S.I., Benagi, V.I. and Mallapur, C.P. (2015). Management of sunflower powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. with botanicals and natural products. Internat. J. Plant Protec., 8(2) : 295-298.
Integration of insecticides and biological controls is an important tactic of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Trichogramma chilonis is a promising natural enemy of many lepidopteran insect pests. However, this hymenopteran egg parasitoid is adversely affected by most insecticides. Contact toxicity of nineteen insecticides and three biopesticides on adults of T. chilonis was investigated by using dry film residue bioassays under laboratory conditions. Profenofos and chlorpyrifos were highly lethal to the adults even at sublethal doses followed by dimethoate, spinosad, indoxacarb and acephate + imidacloprid. Diafenthiuron, nimbecidine and flubendiamide were categorised as less toxic. The biopesticides viz., Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium rileyi were found innocuous to T. chilonis. The studysuggests that the insecticides with less toxicity and biopesticides with apparently no harmful effects on the parasitoid can be used in conjunction with parasitoids in IPM programmes. This will also advice the plant protectionists in avoiding the one with detrimental effects on this hymenopteran wasp with appropriate timing of application that controls the pests without adversely affecting their natural enemies
The field experiments were carried out for two consecutive rabi/summer seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 in the farmer's fields in Kalaghatagi village in Dharwad district, Karnataka, India to evaluate flubendiamide against pumpkin caterpillar or gherkin fruit borer, Diaphania indica (Saunders). Results revealed that three sprays of flubendiamide 480 SC @ 60 g a.i./ha and indoxacarb 14.5 SL @ 21.75 g a.i./ha afforded highest protection against fruit borer with 91.3 and 90.5 per cent during first season and 89.1 and 87.0 per cent during second season, respectively over untreated check and produced higher marketable fruit yield of 10.45 and 10.24 t/ha during first season and 9.65 and 9.52 t/ha during second season, respectively and were significantly superior over rest of the insecticidal treatments. Even though there was a slight decrease in population of coccinellid beetles after sprays, the population did not vary among various insecticidal treatments at three, seven and ten days after first, second and third spray during both the seasons. None of the insecticidal treatments showed any type of phytotoxic symptoms on gherkin plants at one, three, seven ten and fifteen days after spraying of flubendiamide 480 SC @ 60 g a.i./ha, flubendiamide 480 SC @ 120 g a.i./ha and flubendiamide 480 SC @ 180 g a.i./ha.
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