The results of a brief investigation of the amplified spontaneous emission and lasing characteristics of Coumarin 540 dye in as many as ten different solvents are reported. It has been found that C 540 dye solutions contained within a rectangular quartz cuvette give laser emission with well resolved equally spaced modes when pumped with a 476 nm beam. The modes were found to originate from the subcavities formed by the plane-parallel walls of the cuvette containing the high-gain medium. While the quantum yield remains a decisive factor, a clear correlation between the total width of the emission spectra and the refractive indices of the solvents of the respective samples has been demonstrated. The well-resolved mode structure exhibited by the emission spectra gives clear evidence of the lasing action taking place in the gain medium, and the number of modes enables us to compare the gain of the media in different samples. A detailed discussion of the solvent effect in the lasing characteristics of C540 in different solutions is given.

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Whispering gallery mode (WGM) laser emission has been observed from rhodamine B doped polymer optical graded index (GI) fiber by transverse pumping with a frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The propagation and confinement of these modes were also observed. A variation in the free spectral range from 0.29 to 1.24 nm is obtained along the length due to the confinement of WGMs in the GI fiber.

Strongly modulated laser emission has been observed from rhodamine B doped microring resonator embedded in a hollow polymer optical fiber by transverse optical pumping. The microring resonator is fabricated on the inner wall of a hollow polymer fiber. Highly sharp lasing lines, strong mode selection, and a collimated laser beam are observed from the fiber. Nearly single mode lasing with a side mode suppression ratio of up to 11.8 dB is obtained from the strongly modulated lasing spectrum. The microring embedded hollow polymer fiber laser has shown efficient lasing characteristics even at a propagation length of 1.5 m.

A high sensitivity, low power, low cost sensor has been developed for sensing the blood volume pulse using transmission mode photoplethysmography (PPG) from the finger tip. It uses standard light emitting diode (LED) and phototransistor as emitter and detector, respectively. The sensor probe head is made of a material called delrin which is an acetal polymer having high dimensional stability and biocompatibility. A peripheral interface controller (PIC) microcontroller is used for the implementation of the measurement protocol. The wavelet denoising algorithm is used to suppress the noise component in the PPG signal. For heart rate (HR) estimate comparison, PPG signals are evaluated by comparing their beat-to-beat estimates with the corresponding R-R intervals from an electrocardiogram (ECG). The main advantages of the proposed approach are the reduction in cost, dimensions and power consumption. The probe can be well tolerated by the subject and is selfcontained and portable.

In this letter the optical behavior as well as the thermal properties of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) capped with mercapto succinic acid (MSA) are studied and analyzed. CdSe QDs with an average particle size of 7.0 nm are prepared by a microwave irradiation method. The unique structure of MSA plays an important role in determining the PL intensity and better stability by controlling the pH of the medium. A significant increase in thermal diffusivity with pH values is observed with a mode matched thermal lens method. At the optimum value of pH, the surface charge of nanoparticles increases, which increases the repulsive forces. The resulting reduced agglomeration of QDs enhances mobility and improves heat transport. There is a clear correlation between luminous intensity and thermal diffusivity in these nano fluids containing CdSe QDs.