Kermes oak (Quercus cocc&ru L.) shrublands occupy more brushlands since 1955. The purpose.of this paper is to summarize than 0.4 million ha in Greece and are the typical browse rangelands the results of these projects, and to make management suggestions. for 4.5 million goats. Five "range types" of kermes oak were identified based on morphological differences. Clipping of kermes Study Area oak improves growth rate of twig length, increases the production of new twigs, and alters the nutritive value of browse. Kennes oak Most of the research projects were carried out at Chrysopigi, can withstand very heavy (100%) clipping of twigs for 2 consecutive near the town of Serres, in Macedonia, Greece (41' 15 North years, yielding the highest growth rate and twig number. Browse latitude and 23O 27 58 East longitude), in an area at a height of 650 production varies among different forms of kermes oak shrub-m, with 650 mm annual rainfall and 13' C mean annual temperalands. The low form (OS-O.8 m height) yielded the highest produc-ture. The climate of the area is characterized as subhumid with cold tlon (3,467 kg l ha-l). Goat livewelght grin of tall form (2 m height) winters (Emberger 1942). The soils are derived from conglomerates of kermes oak shrubland was 25 kg l ha-1 l yrl; improved shrub-(sea deposit) of the tertiary period and are of medium depth, lands, by topping, produced double liveweight gain when their slightly acid, and sandy silt loam in texture. Kermes oak grows in form was altered. Liveweight gain was almost quadrupled when almost pure (900/o) stands kermes oak shrublands were converted to grasslands. Growth Characteristics
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