Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) are increasingly used to observe the static and dynamic performance of power systems. Synchronised phasor measurements are also a valuable wide-area input to control and protection schemes. It is important that PMUs perform correctly for the various purposes that the data is used for. Standard and type testing is valuable, but it is also necessary to have the capability to perform specific tests for the monitoring and control applications. In particular, where phasor measurements are applied to control schemes, it is important to assess the requirements and impact of the PMU data quality on the control scheme. This paper details the findings of the authors in the field of practical design and implementation of PMU's (Phasor measurement Units) in a system. The required response of PMU's under various types of system disturbances is examined through simulation of disturbances in a large power system. The response of the PMU required for power system stability applications is examined and tested for frequency variations and presence of harmonics in the system. The paper presents the simulation setup and the thought process behind creating a virtual setup for developing and testing PMU applications. This simulation environment allows testing of the system response with closed loop control involving phasor measurements. This approach can be used to prove the control scheme, and also to develop the requirements for the PMU speed, accuracy and communications latency for correct operation of the schemes under test.
Wide Area Monitoring System consists of measuring the angle shift between the sub-networks using Phasor Measurement Units (PMU). These new schemes are promising since a direct measurement of this quantity makes no assumption of the impedance of the tie-lines between the monitored sub-networks. Even if this technology is still at an early stage, a few pilot projects have been already initiated by major utilities over the world.Synchrophasor measurements are becoming one of the new features available in some multifunctional protection devices. There is an ongoing discussion in the industry regarding the integration into the line protection. At this time, since the actual requirements for such measurements is fairly limited and they are used predominantly by non-protection applications, many protection professionals express preference to keep such functions in stand alone or disturbance recording devices. On the other hand, there are new requirements for development of system integrity protection schemes (SIPS) that may need the integration of phasor measurements in the relays.
This paper discusses the application of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU's) to improve power system stability.The focus is on using PMU data to influence power system primary equipment and secondary controls to provide real time improvement. Modal analysis of PMU data from multiple locations is used to identify inter-area stability issues and local os cillation modes. Oscillatory stability monitoring techniques based on PMU data were validated against standard systems with known frequency components. A virtual PMU which includes IEEE C37.118 communication was created to be able to run in a PC environment. Key system stability metrics are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control actions. This paper also discusses the use of remote measurements to improve local power system stability. The paper specifically looks at im proving the Power Oscillation Damping (POD) feature of HYDC technology through the use of remote measurements. The paper also looks at small signal stability issues and the improvement through Wide area measurements (WAM).
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