Responses to stress are mediated by a complex network of the nervous and endocrine systems. Glucocorticoids, which are among the most important “players” in stress resilience, may have important implications in the cognitive functions, particularly in the modulation of memory. Declarative memory, the memory for facts, events and word meaning is the most studied type of memory on which glucocorticoids exert an influence, both positively through consolidation and negatively through impairment. These effects depend on the receptor type, dose, time of exposure, memory component and the salience of stimuli, retrieval being generally affected and storage being facilitated, especially for emotionally relevant events. Glucocorticoids also induce hippocampal atrophy, which is a hallmark seen in various diseases accompanied by a chronic high level of cortisol, such as the Cushing syndrome, major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder. Also, chronic stress might be a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease, especially when a genetic background and other environmental influences are present.
This paper reports the largest series to date in Southeast Europe about robot-assisted transaxillary thyroidectomy. On a group of selected Caucasian patients, postoperative results were similar to open cervicotomy in terms of postoperative complications. The major cosmetic advantage is the absence of scar in the anterior cervical region.
The present study wants to see if and to what extent, the type of teaching and learning according to the concept maps method has an effect in the medical field and predominantly in teaching anatomy. In this respect, a total of 13 relevant articles have been searched for and found. As a measuring tool the results obtained by the authors were used as grades or scores obtained by testing on experimental vs. control groups. The overall effect was measured for the preclinical and clinical domains, after which relevant factors were sought that could mediate, in one way or another, the overall effect. From our data we found enhanced effects evident both in general and in both of the mentioned fields, so as to, of the mediating factors, to be noticed among others, particularly the actual teaching of concept maps, which by its duration could ease or, conversely, hinder the learning process.Keywords concept map, teaching anatomy, learning anatomy with concept maps, effects of studying with concept maps, concept maps in medical field.
We report the case of a patient with a hydatid cyst of the breast occurring in Transylvania, Romania, a zone that does not belong to the endemic arial; we also give a brief review of the literature on this topic.Our case was resolved with success through open surgery followed by anti-parasite medication. The patient no presented recurrence.
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