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The incidence of recurrence in the upper urinary tract a median of 49 months (range 12 to 220) after cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma was 4.7%. Because only half of these cases were detected by routine excretory urography, this should be limited to patients at high risk with a history of upper urinary tract tumors or positive ureteral margins. In the future other techniques, eg cytology of voided urine or new markers, should be evaluated to replace excretory urography for routine followup of patients after cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

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