An additional significant digit is added to the reported experimental measurements in Eqs. (6) -(8) on pages 091802-3. The results with the inclusion of additional precision are sin 2 on-shell W 0:227 73 0:001 35stat 0:000 93syst ÿ 0:000 22 M 2 top ÿ 175 GeV 2 50 GeV 2 0:000 32 ln M Higgs 150 GeV ; (6) 0 0:997 89 0:004 05; sin 2 W 0:226 47 0:003 11;g eff L 2 0:300 05 0:001 37; g eff R 2 0:030 76 0:001 10:The above measurements for g eff L 2 and g eff R 2 are different from those originally reported due to a mistake related to the assumed reference values for M top and M Higgs .The small correlation coefficient for the two parameter g eff L 2 ÿ g eff R 2 fit is now explicitly stated; it is ÿ0:017.

There has been dramatic change in antibiotic use in English hospitals. Data from 2004 and 2009 show that the focus on reducing fluoroquinolone and second- and third-generation cephalosporin use seems to have been heeded in NHS secondary care, and has been associated with a substantial decline in hospital Clostridium difficile rates. However, there has been a substantial increase in use of co-amoxiclav, carbapenems and piperacillin/tazobactam. In primary care, antibiotic prescribing fell markedly from 1995 to 2000, but has since risen steadily to levels seen in the early 1990s. There remains a 2-fold variation in antimicrobial prescribing among English General Practices. In 2010, the NHS Atlas of Variation documented a 3-fold variation in the prescription of quinolones and an 18-fold variation in cephalosporins by Primary Care Trusts across England. There is a clear need to improve antimicrobial prescribing. This paper describes the development of new antimicrobial stewardship programmes for primary care and hospitals by the Department of Health's Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infection: Antimicrobial Stewardship in Primary Care Initiative. The secondary care programme promotes the rapid prescription of the right antibiotic at the right dose at the right time, followed by active review for all patients still on antibiotics 48 h after admission. The five options available are to stop, switch to oral, continue and review again, change (if possible to a narrower spectrum) or move to outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy. A range of audit and outcome tools has been developed, but to maintain optimal antimicrobial usage, monitoring of local and national quantitative and qualitative data on prescribing and consumption is required, linked to the development of key performance indicators in primary, secondary and tertiary care.

The NuTeV Collaboration has extracted the electroweak parameter sin(2)theta(W) from the measurement of the ratios of neutral current to charged current nu and (-)nu cross sections. Our value, sin(2)theta((on-shell))(W) = 0.2277 +/- 0.0013(stat) +/- 0.0009(syst), is 3 standard deviations above the standard model prediction. We also present a model independent analysis of the same data in terms of neutral-current quark couplings.

The NuTeV experiment at Fermilab has obtained a unique high statistics sample of neutrino and anti-neutrino interactions using its high-energy sign-selected beam. We present a measurement of the differential cross section for charged-current neutrino and anti-neutrino scattering from iron. Structure functions, F2(x, Q 2 ) and xF3(x, Q 2 ), are determined by fitting the inelasticity, y, dependence of the cross sections. This measurement has significantly improved systematic precision as a consequence of more precise understanding of hadron and muon energy scales.

A search for neutral heavy leptons (NHLs) has been performed using an instrumented decay channel at the NuTeV (E-815) experiment at Fermilab. The decay channel was composed of helium bags interspersed with drift chambers, and was used in conjunction with the NuTeV neutrino detector to search for NHL decays. The data were examined for NHLs decaying into muonic final states (µµν, µeν, µπ, and µρ); no evidence has been found for NHLs in the 0.25 -2.0 GeV mass range. This analysis places limits on the mixing of NHLs with standard light neutrinos at a level up to an order of magnitude more restrictive than previous search limits in this mass range.PACS numbers: 13.15.+g,13.35.Hb,14.60.Pq 1 Various extensions [1,2] to the Standard Model predict neutral heavy leptons (NHLs) which can mix with the standard light neutrinos. In these extensions, the NHLs are weak isosinglets that do not couple directly to the Z and W bosons, but can decay via mixing with the Standard Model neutrinos. Figure 1 shows one possible set of tree-level diagrams for NHL production and decay. The NuTeV (E815) neutrino experiment at Fermilab has made a sensitive search for these NHLs by combining the capabilities of a high intensity neutrino source with an instrumented decay region.In these extended models [1], the NHL lifetime depends on the mixing parameter |U | 2 and the mass of the NHL. They are expected to decay (e.g. Fig. 1b) into a neutrino and two charged leptons, into a lepton and two quarks, or into three neutrinos.NHLs may be created in the NuTeV beamline by the decays of secondary mesons produced by the Tevatron proton beam. During the 1996-1997 fixed-target run at Fermilab, NuTeV received 2.54 × 10 18 800 GeV protons on a beryllium oxide production target with the detector configured for this search. A sign-selected quadrupole train focused secondary π and K mesons down a beamline 7.8 mrad from the primary proton beam direction. 1.13 × 10 18 protons were received with the magnets set to focus positive mesons, and 1.41 × 10 18 protons with negative meson focusing. The mesons could decay into NHLs as shown in Fig. 1a. The production of secondary pions and kaons was simulated using the parameterization in [3]; the Decay Turtle program [4] simulated the propagation of charged particles through the beamline.NHLs may also be produced by prompt decays of charmed mesons produced by incident protons on the BeO target and proton dumps. These processes were simulated using a Monte Carlo program based on measured production cross sections [5]. The effects of decay phase space, NHL polarization, and helicity suppression [6] were included in the simulation of the production and decays. For NHLs of mass 1.45 GeV from D meson decay, the average momentum was ∼100 GeV; for the 0.35 GeV NHLs coming mainly from K decay, the average momentum was ∼140 GeV.This analysis reports the results of a search for NHLs with masses between 0.25 to 2.0 GeV, which decay with a muon in the final state. The primary NHL decay modes of this type are µeν, µµν, µπ, and µρ. In...

We present an improved determination of the proton structure functions F2 and xF3 from the CCFR ν-Fe deep inelastic scattering (DIS) experiment. Comparisons to high-statistics chargedlepton scattering results for F2 from the NMC, E665, SLAC, and BCDMS experiments, after correcting for quark-charge and heavy-target effects, indicate good agreement for x > 0.1 but some discrepancy at lower x. The Q 2 evolution of both the F2 and xF3 structure functions yields the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) scale parameter Λ NLO,(4) M S = 337 ± 28(exp.) M eV . This corresponds to a value of the strong coupling constant at the scale of mass of the Z-boson of αS(M 2 Z ) = 0.119 ± 0.002(exp.)±0.004(theory) and is one of the most precise measurements of this quantity.PACS numbers: 13.15.+g, 12.38. Qk, 24.85.+p, 25.30.Pt High-energy neutrinos are a unique probe for testing QCD and understanding the parton properties of nucleon structure. Combinations of neutrino and antineutrino scattering data are used to determine the F 2 and xF 3 structure functions (SFs) which determine the valence, sea, and gluon parton distributions in the nucleon [1,2]. The universalities of parton distributions can also be studied by comparing neutrino and charged-lepton scattering data. Past measurements have indicated that F ν 2 differs from F e/µ 2 by 10-20% in the low-x region. These differences are larger than the quoted experimental errors of the measurements and may indicate the need for modifications of the theoretical modeling to include higher-order or new physics contributions. QCD predicts the scaling violations (Q 2 dependence) of F 2 and xF 3 and, experimentally, the observed scaling violations can be tested against those predictions to determine α S [3] or the related QCD scale parameter, Λ QCD . The α S determination from neutrino scattering has a small theoretical uncertainty since the electroweak radiative corrections, scale uncertainties, and next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections are well understood.In this paper, we present an updated analysis of the Columbia-Chicago-Fermilab-Rochester (CCFR) collaboration neutrino scattering data with improved estimates of quark model parameters [4] and systematic uncertainties. The α S measurement from this analysis is one of the most precise due to the high energy and statistics of the experiment compared to previous measurements [5,6].

Objective To determine the effect of clinical scores that predict streptococcal infection or rapid streptococcal antigen detection tests compared with delayed antibiotic prescribing.Design Open adaptive pragmatic parallel group randomised controlled trial.Setting Primary care in United Kingdom.Patients Patients aged ≥3 with acute sore throat.Intervention An internet programme randomised patients to targeted antibiotic use according to: delayed antibiotics (the comparator group for analyses), clinical score, or antigen test used according to clinical score. During the trial a preliminary streptococcal score (score 1, n=1129) was replaced by a more consistent score (score 2, n=631; features: fever during previous 24 hours; purulence; attends rapidly (within three days after onset of symptoms); inflamed tonsils; no cough/coryza (acronym FeverPAIN).Outcomes Symptom severity reported by patients on a 7 point Likert scale (mean severity of sore throat/difficulty swallowing for days two to four after the consultation (primary outcome)), duration of symptoms, use of antibiotics.Results For score 1 there were no significant differences between groups. For score 2, symptom severity was documented in 80% (168/207 (81%) in delayed antibiotics group; 168/211 (80%) in clinical score group; 166/213 (78%) in antigen test group). Reported severity of symptoms was lower in the clinical score group (−0.33, 95% confidence interval −0.64 to −0.02; P=0.04), equivalent to one in three rating sore throat a slight versus moderate problem, with a similar reduction for the antigen test group (−0.30, −0.61 to −0.00; P=0.05). Symptoms rated moderately bad or worse resolved significantly faster in the clinical score group (hazard ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.63) but not the antigen test group (1.11, 0.88 to 1.40). In the delayed antibiotics group, 75/164 (46%) used antibiotics. Use of antibiotics in the clinical score group (60/161) was 29% lower (adjusted risk ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.50 to 0.95; P=0.02) and in the antigen test group (58/164) was 27% lower (0.73, 0.52 to 0.98; P=0.03). There were no significant differences in complications or reconsultations.Conclusion Targeted use of antibiotics for acute sore throat with a clinical score improves reported symptoms and reduces antibiotic use. Antigen tests used according to a clinical score provide similar benefits but with no clear advantages over a clinical score alone.Trial registration ISRCTN32027234

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