Abstract-A PTMA (poly(4 methacryloyloxy 2,2,6,6 tetramethyl piperidine N oxyl)) electrode with high energy density is prepared with Black Pearl 2000 (BP 2000). For comparisons, vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) and acetylene black (AB) are also employed to fabricate the PTMA electrodes. The electrochemical properties of the electrode are improved obviously by employing BP 2000. The specific capacity of the PTMA BP electrode based on the mass of PTMA is 26.7% larger than that of the PTMA VGCF and PTMA AB electrodes at a 1 C rate. At higher discharge rates, the polarization degree of the Li/PTMA BP cell is the minimum one. At a discharge rate of 50 C, the specific capacity of the PTMA BP electrode is 104.9 mA h g -1 , and is 27.6 and 16.7% larger than that of the PTMA VGCF and PTMA AB electrodes, respectively. Besides, the discharge plateau of the Li/PTMA BP cell is 3.35 V, and is 0.03 and 0.13 V higher than that of the Li/PTMA AB and Li/PTMA VGCF cells, respectively. The larger specific capacity of BP 2000 and the improved electrochemical kinetics of PTMA at the surface of BP carbon, resulted from the larger surface area of BP 2000, are the main factors for improving the capacity and rate capability of the PTMA electrode. The high specific surface area of BP 2000 is also beneficial to the thorough contact of PTMA with BP carbon, result ing in the improved conductivity of the PTMA BP composites. The cycling performance of the PTMA BP electrode is also satisfied.
The present study explored the electrochemical behavior of UNS S32750, a super duplex stainless steel which was not commonly researched in previous studies. The effect of bicarbonate (HCO À 3 ) and sulfate (SO 2À 4 ) on the electrochemical behavior of UNS S32750 duplex stainless steel in the chloride (Cl À ) solution was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Mott-Schottky analysis. The electrochemistry behavior shows that with the addition of HCO À 3 and SO 2À 4 , pitting potential increased and passive current density decreased, indicating that bicarbonate or sulfate can reduce sensitivity to pitting corrosion of UNS S32750 duplex stainless steel in Cl À solution, and film resistance (R 1 ) and lower charge transfer resistances (R 2 ) increased, and the carriers density (N A and N D ) values are about 10 20 cm 3 , and the carriers density decreases. The results may provide theoretical guidance for material-choosing in the wastewater treatment industries containing high chloride concentration such as nonferrous metallurgical wastewater.
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