Blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the Stroop test were used to assess attentional cortex activation in patients with Alzheimer's disease, subcortical vascular dementia, and normal control subjects. Patients with Alzheimer's disease and subcortical vascular dementia demonstrated similar locations of cortical activation, including the bilateral middle and inferior frontal gyri, anterior cingulate and inferior parietal lobule in response to Stroop colour word stimuli. This activation was distinctly decreased in patients with dementia compared with normal control subjects. Different regions of the brain were activated in patients with Alzheimer's disease and subcortical vascular dementia compared with normal controls. fMRI is a useful tool for the study of dementia in humans and has some potential diagnostic value. Further studies with larger numbers of participants are required.
INTRODUCTIONPosterior hemivertebra resection combined with multisegmental or bisegmental fusion has been applied successfully for congenital scoliosis. However, there are several immature bones and their growth can be influenced by long segmental fusion in congenital patients. Posterior hemivertebra resection and monosegmental fusion was therefore suggested for treatment of congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra.METHODSBetween June 2001 and June 2010, 60 congenital scoliosis patients (aged 2–18 years) who underwent posterior hemivertebra resection and monosegmental fusion were enrolled in our study. A standing anteroposterior x-ray of the whole spine was obtained preoperatively, postoperatively and at the last follow-up appointment to analyse the Cobb angle in the coronal and sagittal planes as well as the trunk shift.RESULTSThe mean preoperative coronal plane Cobb angle was 41.6º. This was corrected to 5.1º postoperatively and 5.3º at the last follow-up visit (correction 87.3%). The compensatory cranial curve was improved from 18.1º preoperatively to 7.1º postoperatively and 6.5º at the last follow-up visit while the compensatory caudal curve was improved from 21.5º to 6.1º after surgery and 5.6º at the last follow-up visit. The mean sagittal plane Cobb angle was 23.3º before surgery, 7.3º after surgery and 6.8º at the last follow-up visit (correction 70.1%). The trunk shift of 18.5mm was improved to 15.2mm.CONCLUSIONSPosterior hemivertebra resection and monosegmental fusion seems to be an effective approach for treatment of congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra, allowing for excellent correction in both the frontal and sagittal planes.
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