An endophytic fungus was isolated from the root of the medicinal plant Moringa oleifera Lam. Based on analyzing the rDNA sequence, the fungus was identified as Nigrospora sp. This is the first report of the isolation of endophytic Nigrospora from M. oleifera. By bioassay-guided fractionation, four antifungal secondary metabolites were isolated from liquid cultures of the fungus Nigrospora sp. LLGLM003, and their chemical structures were determined to be griseofulvin (1), dechlorogriseofulvin (2), 8-dihydroramulosin (3) and mellein (4) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Compound 2, 3 and 4 were isolated from Nigrospora sp. for the first time. In vitro antifungal assay showed that griseofulvin displayed clear inhibition of the growth of 8 plant pathogenic fungi. Dechlorogriseofulvin and mellein exhibited only weak antifungal activities, whereas 8-dihydroramulosin displayed no antifungal activities.

Magnetically forced extensional vibrations of laminated plates with piezoelectric and piezomagnetic layers are analyzed theoretically. It is shown that such a structure can be used to harvest magnetic energy and convert it to electric energy. The output power and the energy conversion efficiency are calculated. The load dependence of the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is also obtained.

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A wideband magnetic energy harvester is proposed by using a number of multiferroic composite fibers of different lengths which are connected in parallel or series. The structural theory is employed to characterize the magnetoelectroelastic behavior of the fibers. A global circuit analysis is then performed. It is shown that such a structure of energy harvester is capable of collecting the ambient magnetic energy over a wide frequency range.

Nonlinear dynamic evolution of the double tearing mode (DTM) with a guiding magnetic field (B y0 ) is investigated by magnetohydrodynamical numerical simulation. The dynamic process of DTM depends weakly on the guiding field in the weak guiding field regime (B y0 1), but is suppressed by a strong guiding field (B y0 > 2). During the explosive nonlinear phase, the maximum reconnection rate (c max ) increases weakly with the increase of the resistivity as c max $ g 0:06 for B y0 1, but for B y0 > 2, c max is nearly independent of the resistivity. The maximum reconnection rate in the explosive growth phase increases with increase of the initial current sheet separation. A secondary tearing instability is observed at moderate current sheet separation. A strong guiding field suppresses the formation of a secondary island. Based on the simulation results, it is found that the secondary tearing instability occurs only when the length-tothickness aspect ratio of the reconnection region exceeds about 20.