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Summary This paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions under which a random variable X may be generated as the ratio Z/V where Z and V are independent and Z has a standard normal distribution. This representation is useful in Monte Carlo calculations. It is established that when 1/2V2 is exponential, X is double exponential; and that when 1/2V has the asymptotic distribution of the Kolmogorov distance statistic, X is logistic.

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Abstract-In this paper, we present LEASE, a new system and framework for Location Estimation Assisted by Stationary Emitters for indoor RF wireless networks. Unlike previous studies, we emphasize the deployment aspect of location estimation engines. Motivated thus, we present an adaptable infrastructure-based system that uses a small number of stationary emitters (SEs) and sniffers employed in a novel way to locate standard wireless clients in an enterprise. We present the components of the system and its architecture, and new nonparametric techniques for location estimation that work with a small number of SEs. Our techniques for location estimation can also be used in a client-based deployment. We present experimental results of using our techniques at two sites demonstrating the ability to perform location estimation with good accuracy in our new adaptable framework.