Resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in Brazil has been documented for six species. The probability to select biotypes of Euphorbia heterophylla (EPPHL) with multiple resistance increases in the same order of magnitude as the use of other herbicides belonging to only one mechanism of action. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the distribution of resistant populations (R) in the states of the Parana and Santa Catarina; to determine the existence of populations of EPHHL with multiple resistance to ALS and PROTOX inhibitors, and to confirm the occurrence of cross resistance to compounds of these mechanisms of action. Seeds of EPHHL of areas with suspected resistance had been sampled in 97 places during 2003. In the greenhouse experiment samples of each population were sprayed with imazethapyr or fomesafen, at only one rate. To identify the resistant ones they were sprayed with different levels of the herbicides imazethapyr and fomesafen. Later they were sprayed with diverse herbicides of the same mechanisms of action to confirm the multiple/cross resistance. There is widespread distribution in the region of populations with resistance to ALS inhibitors. Some biotypes demonstrated resistance to herbicides from the two mechanisms of action. The resistance factor (FR), or the relation of resistance between R and susceptible biotypes, confirms the existence of two biotypes of EPHHL with cross resistance to several herbicides inhibitors of ALS and PROTOX.
Este trabalho constou de dois ensaios que avaliaram a toxicidade ao milho e a eficácia de controle de plantas daninhas dos herbicidas atrazine, da mistura foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron e do inseticida clorpirifós, isoladamente ou em mistura, aplicados em pósemergência. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. No primeiro ensaio, todos os tratamentos foram capinados e constaram de: atrazine (3.000 g ha¹ de i.a.); atrazine + clorpirifós (3.000 + 225 g ha-1 de i.a.); atrazine + foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron + clorpirifós (2.250 + 15 + 1 + 225; 1.500 + 22,5 + 1,5 + 225; e 750 + 30 + 2 + 225 g ha-1 de i.a.); foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron (45 + 3 g ha-1 de i.a.); foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron + clorpirifós (45 + 3 + 225 g ha-1 de i.a.); e testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas. Já no segundo ensaio foram utilizados todos os tratamentos anteriores, com exceção da mistura de todos os produtos nas doses de 750 + 30 + 2 + 225 g ha-1 de i.a., além dos respectivos tratamentos sem capina. Utilizou-se o cultivar de milho AG 3010 (híbrido duplo, superprecoce, tolerante a inibidores da ALS). Em 2002/2003, avaliou-se a toxicidade a milho e o rendimento, enquanto em 2003/2004 também foi avaliada a eficácia de controle de plantas daninhas. O uso de atrazine isoladamente ou em mistura com clorpirifós não gerou toxicidade às plantas de milho. A adição de clorpirifós à mistura foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron acentuou a injúria ao milho. A inclusão de atrazine simultaneamente à redução dos níveis de foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron permitiu reduzir em parte a injúria a plantas de milho, mantendo o controle de BRAPL e ampliando os níveis de controle de EPHHL.
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