The optimum level and ratios of protein to be used in cow's milk formula has recently been under discussion. Healthy term infants were fed from birth exclusively human milk or a formula that varied in protein level or whey: casein ratio: (A) 1.4 g/dl; 55:45, (B) 1.5 g/dl; 55:45, (C) 1.3 g/dl; 55:45, (D) 1.4 g/dl; 60:40, (E) 1.4 g/dl; 20:80. Infants were followed for 12 weeks and blood samples were taken at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Anthropometric indices did not show any significant differences among groups. Plasma amino acid and BUN levels of the C group were closest to the breast-fed group, while the formula with the highest protein level (B) resulted in high values for some amino acids. When comparing the formulas with 1.4 g protein/dl, the high casein group had the lowest plasma tryptophan levels. Taurine was added to all formulas at a level similar to that of breast milk; plasma taurine levels were similar for all groups. All formulas contained 0.7 mg iron and 0.7 mg zinc/dl; no differences were found among the groups in hematological indices or serum trace elements. These data show that feeding a formula with 1.3 g protein/dl and 55:45 whey: casein ratio from birth will result in growth and metabolic indices similar to those of breast-fed infants, although some plasma amino acid levels are not identical, 1990.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an endemic cancer with a very high incidence in South China and Southeast Asia such as Hong-Kong and Taiwan. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), genetic factors (human HLA type A2-BW42 and cytochrome p4502E1-CYP2E1), and certain dietary (nitrosamine, herbal medicine) and environmental conditions (smoking, occupational exposures) have been shown to be involved in the development of NPC (Hildesheim and Levine, 1993), but the molecular mechanisms by which NPC was generated remained largely unknown. Overexpression of Myc oncogene was detected in NPC cell lines (Lin et al, 1993) and in some NPC tumours (Porter et al, 1994). Bcl-2 was up-regulated and was detected in most samples of NPC (Lu et al, 1993). Mutations in p53 tumour suppressor gene (Spruck et al, 1992) and RB/p105 gene (Sun et al, 1993) in NPC are relatively rare. Lately, mutations in the RB2/p130 gene were detected in 30% of primary human NPCs (Claudio et al, 2000). Though decreased level of expression was reported, no point mutation of the potential tumour suppressor gene p16 was detected in NPC (Sun et al, 1995). These studies suggested the importance of other genes in NPC oncogenesis.Various tools such as cytogenetic analysis (Mitelman et al, 1983;Huang et al, 1989), loss of heterozygosity (LOH) (Huang et al, 1991;Hu et al, 1996;Mutirangura et al, 1997), and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) Hui et al, 1999) have been employed to investigate the candidate genes associated with NPC. These studies offered a genome-wide investigation based upon a comprehensive pattern of DNA sequence copy number changes. Alterations due to mutations and/or regulation dysfunction can hardly be detected. Differential display (DD) (Fung et al, 1998) and cDNA representational difference analysis (RDA) (Zhan et al, 1998) offered alternative screening tools. We had adopted differential display for the study of differences in gene-expression patterns between normal nasal epithelial and transformed nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. The elevated expression of TR-α2 in NPC cell lines was demonstrated. RNA in situ hybridization of TR-α2 transcripts among biopsies derived from NPC cases and control subjects was employed to substantiate the in vitro finding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell cultureBiopsied tissues of nasal polyps and turbinates were collected from National Taiwan University Hospital and Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei. After removal of blood clots with three washes of sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS), these samples were added into Dulbecco's minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 0.1 mM nonessential amino acids, 50 U ml -1 penicillin, 50 µg ml -1 streptomycin, 1.25 µg ml -1 fungizone and 1 mg ml -1 pronase. After an overnight incubation at 4˚C, carcass was discarded and the suspension was centrifuged at 1,500 rpm for 10 min at room temperature. The pelleted cells were resuspended in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 0.1 mM nonessential amino acids, 50 U ml -1 penicillin, 50 µg ml -1 streptomycin, 1.25 µg ml -1 fu...
A male newborn had a well-circumscribed, solid mass on the right anterior chest wall at birth. Computed tomography disclosed an infiltrating soft-tissue mass over the right 6th to 9th ribs near the costochondral junction. Surgical excision was done at the age of 5 days. Pathologic examination showed lipoblastomatosis.
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