-Few studies have been carried out on aboveground (or belowground) and soil/substrate C accumulation in severely degraded areas, such as mined areas. The present study was developed in order to find a recovery strategy for a mined area and characterize its potential for C sequestration by planting two nitrogen-fixing Brazilian tree species (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth and M. bimucronata (DC.) O. Kuntze). Sewage sludge was included in the experimental design. An experiment under randomized block condition and 2 x 5 factorial design with four replications were defined and carried out, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of a combination of both tree species and five sewage sludge doses (0, 2.85; 5.70; ). M. caesalpiniifolia grows better (p<0.05) in reclaimed areas than M. bimucronata, even though neither the height nor the basal area of both species responded to the sludge application. Carbon stock in the tree trunks differ between species (27.3 and 14.3 Mg ha -1 , for M. caesalpinifolia and M. bimucronata, respectively), and was influenced by the doses of sewage sludge, whereas the soil carbon stock (0-10 cm) did not differ between species and doses (12.0 and 12.2 Mg ha -1 , for M. caesalpiniifolia and M. bimucronata, respectively). Soil fertility in the degraded site was found to be improved by legume trees six years after planting, with a small influence of the sewage sludge level. Mined areas recovered with legume trees can sequestrate significant amounts of C both in aboveground biomass and soil in a short period of time.Keywords: Soil carbon and nutrients accretion; Reclamation of soil; Aboveground biomass accumulation. (0, 2,85; 5,70; 11,40 e 22, ESTOQUE DE CARBONO EM ÁREAS DE MINERAÇÃO RECUPERADA COM LEGUMINOSAS ARBÓREAS E LODO RESUMO -Poucos estudos foram conduzidos em relação à acumulação de C na parte aérea (ou subterrânea) e solo/substrato em áreas severamente degradadas, como áreas mineradas. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para encontrar uma estratégia de recuperação para uma área minerada e caracterizar o seu potencial de sequestro de C a partir do plantio de duas espécies de árvores brasileiras que fixam nitrogênio do ar (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth e M. bimucronata (DC) O. Kuntze). Lodo de esgoto foi incluído no desenho experimental. Assim, um experimento em delineamento em blocos ao acaso e esquema fatorial 2 x 5 e quatro repetições foi instalado no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma combinação de duas espécies arbóreas e cinco doses de lodo de esgoto
Soils play fundamental roles in the functioning of the Earth's ecosystems. Despite numerous initiatives to protect soils, it continues to be generally perceived as dirt or, at best, the surface we walk on. To better understand soil perception by the public, we conducted a survey with 99 participants from Poland and Brazil. We applied an opportunity sampling and conducted semi-structured interviews with 40 respondents from Poland and 30 from Brazil, and 29 unstructured interviews in Brazil. Most of the respondents (53%) of the semi-structured interviews associated soil with the surface where plants grow while 27% said that it is the ground we step on. When asked about pro-environmental campaigns, none of the respondents pointed to soil-related initiative. Most of the respondents (99%) claimed that there is a need to increase the knowledge about the importance of soils, mostly through education (30%). The majority of the respondents of the unstructured interviews in Brazil indicated provision services provided by soils and pointed to the need for youth engagement on soil communication, corroborating the results from the semi-structured interviews. To address this, present the results on artistic workshops as an experimental model for teaching and dissemination. We present two short documentary movies presenting the results from unstructured interviews and the artistic workshops which can be used as data gathering tool, teaching tool and for dissemination purposes. This paper not only presents primary data on the crucial problem of soil recognition but also presents a range of transdisciplinary approaches to help problem solving.
This research covers the study area of the Floresta Nacional Mario Xavier (Flona MX), located in the city of Seropédica, metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, in the Southeast Region of Brazil. According to the Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC, 200), Flona MX is classified as sustainable usage and it is within the Atlantic Forest biome. In an area of 496 hectares, near 16% of its vegetation are classified as native secondary, while most of its vegetation is composed of exotic species, which derive from its initial usage as a forest garden, created in 1945. The main objective of this research is to characterize the physical and geographical aspects in the landscape structuring of the Flona MX, in order to understand the interrelationships between soil and vegetation and the geoecological dynamics that exist in a transect, and also to understand the physical and chemical variables of the soils. Fieldworks were carried out in the study area and eight collection points of soil in toposequence were defined, which unfolded in eighteen samples, in combination with physiographic analysis of the landscape, supported by field biogeographical forms, along an approximately 900 meters long transect. From the field collections, it was possible to do laboratorial fertility and granulometric analysis. Crossing these information, three soil classes were identified along the transect. In the lowest part of the toposequence, the soil was classified as Gleissolo, characteristic of the low slope and the soil water retention, and in this sector predominate the capim navalha (Hypolytrum pungens), the capim rabo de burro (Andropogon condensatus) and the Aroeira vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius), with also some specimens of the Ipê (Tabebuia sp), the Angico (Anadenanthera macrocarpa) and the Arco de pipa (Erythroxylum pulchrum). After the plot of Sapucaias, in the intermediate river side, along the transect, the ground is flatter, with sandier soil, classified as Planossolo. There, in the past, eucalyptus used to predominate, but nowadays there are only isolated specimens. Currently, an overlay with ecological succession (secondary spontaneous vegetation) is occurring in this place. On the top of the toposequence, the soil texture reveals a higher presence of clay, and the soil is mostly classified as Argissolo, with the preponderance of the tree species Arco de Pipa (Erythroxylum pulchrum).
Soils play fundamental roles in the functioning of the Earth's ecosystems. Despite numerous initiatives to protect soils, it continues to be generally perceived as dirt or, at best, the surface we walk on. To better understand soil perception by the public, we conducted a survey with 99 participants from Poland and Brazil. We applied opportunity sampling and conducted semi-structured interviews with 40 respondents from Poland and 30 from Brazil, and 29 unstructured interviews in Brazil. Most of the respondents (53%) of the semi-structured interviews associated soil with the surface where plants grow, while 27% said that it is the ground we step on. When asked about pro-environmental campaigns, none of the respondents pointed to soil-related initiatives. Most of the respondents (99%) claimed that there is a need to increase their knowledge about the importance of soils, mostly through education (30%). The majority of the respondents of the unstructured interviews in Brazil indicated provision services provided by soils and pointed to the need for youth engagement in soil communication, corroborating the results from the semi-structured interviews. To address this, we present the results on artistic workshops as an experimental model for teaching and dissemination. We present two short documentary movies reporting the results from unstructured interviews and artistic workshops that can be used as data gathering tools, teaching tools and for dissemination purposes. This is a novel approach to communicating with the relevant stakeholders to promote more sustainable resource management.
Destaque pode ser dado, também, às regiões de Porto Alegre, Paraná e Rio de Janeiro. A atividade agrícola no município do Rio de Janeiro já foi bastante presente, no entanto, apesar da diminuição do foco na produção nessas áreas, ainda existem produtores urbanos e periurbanos, que lutam para manter a prática. Por isso, foi realizado um levantamento referente à legislação em vigor, tendo em vista caracterizar o arcabouço legal, relacionado às práticas agrícolas urbanas e conservação ambiental a nível municipal, estadual e federal. O estudo gerou uma análise descritiva que considerou o enquadramento jurídico da AUP no arcabouço em questão. Posteriormente, foi avaliado o enquadramento da AUP especificamente às políticas de desenvolvimento social e para a atividade agrícola. No Brasil, a política de regulamentação agrícola está intimamente voltada para o meio rural, tendo como ponto de partida a Constituição Federal de 88, sendo citada em diversas políticas como a de Conservação do Solo, Água e da Vegetação Nativa, Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, do Novo Código Florestal, da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, Estatuto da Terra, entre outros. A agricultura urbana, apesar de não estar expressamente descrita em uma legislação própria, pode ser enquadrada em planos de desenvolvimento, estratégias sustentáveis e de auxílio à segurança alimentar. Além disso, há expectativas em relação à produção e aquisição de alimentos saudáveis ofertados, em detrimento ao desenvolvimento da atividade nas áreas urbanas, para população urbana. É entendido que a agricultura urbana e periurbana traz diversos benefícios e que, apesar de crescentes as iniciativas e movimentos, a legislação brasileira, sobre esse tema, ainda é escassa e pouco específica. A ausência de uma política específica para a atividade, ou do reconhecimento das crescentes iniciativas pelo poder público e/ou instituições privadas acaba por dificultar o desenvolvimento e valorização da AUP. A presença dessas iniciativas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro demonstra o interesse da população pelo tema e com a pandemia e seus reflexos ficou evidente a necessidade de valorização da agricultura urbana para a manutenção da segurança alimentar da população.
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