Efficacy of pongamia oil soap against cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora infesting vegetable cowpea, Vigna unguiculata was evaluated during rabi and summer seasons in comparison with neem oil soap, spinosad, soap solution and absolute control. Pongamia oil soap 2 per cent showed the highest efficacy without phytotoxicity followed by 1 per cent while neem oil soap 0.6 per cent was on par with pongamia oil soap 0.6 per cent. All treatments having pongamia oil soap were significantly superior to absolute control.
A field experiment to evaluate the efficacy of pungam (Millettia/Pongamia) oil soap at four different concentrations against brinjal fruit and shoot borer (BFSB), Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee and its effect on spiders of brinjal field revealed that application of 3% pungam oil soap brought down fruit damage to minimum level (12.94% on 7 days after third spray) followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (0.3 mL/L), 2, 1 and 0.6% pungam oil soap and neem oil soap 0.6%. Efficacy of chlorantraniliprole persisted up to 14th day of spray followed by pungam oil soap. None of the botanical or chemical pesticides found to influence the spider population until seven days. After 14 days of application soap solution either alone or with pungam oil increased spiders over the control whereas 14 DAS it was minimum in standard check.
Ophiocordyceps
Ophiocordyceps O. sinensis Cordyceps Ophiocordyceps Leucopholis coneophoraOphiocordyceps neovolkiana are entomopathogenic fungi on arthropods which parasitize, kill and mummify hosts and produce fruit bodies out of them. Due to the presence of many bioactive compounds like adenosine, cordycepin, ergosterol, these fungi have been used as food as well as medicine against many diseases. Even though cosmopolitan in distribution, many like are mostly confined to high Himalayan Mountains in India, China, Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan at an altitude of 3000 to 5000 msl. Owing to high price, are known as "Himalayan gold". From surveys conducted in coastal sandy areas of Kasargod District (Kerala), it was observed that sp. attacks coconut root grubs ( Burm.), which is an endemic pest in the sandy tracts. The fungus was isolated in potato dextrose agar medium. Detailed morphological studies have been carried out. The molecular characterization showed homology with (Kobayasi) strain KC1 with 98% identity. The ITS sequence has been deposited at NCBI with accession # MH668282 and culture has been deposited in the National Fungal Culture Collection of India with herbarium # NFCCI 4331.
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