We report type I phase-matched blue second-harmonic generation from periodically segmented channel ion-exchanged waveguides in KTiOPO4 with output wavelengths from 0.38 to 0.48 μm and efficiencies exceeding 50%/W cm2. Evidence is presented suggesting that these efficiencies result from ferroelectric domain reversals induced by waveguide fabrication. Waveguide structure, wavelength, and output power characteristics are presented.
A new phase matching technique is described which is based on phase mismatch balancing in crystal or waveguide segments that are short compared to their respective coherence lengths. The technique is demonstrated experimentally in a mixed bulk crystal/waveguide structure in KTiOPO4, resulting in a second-harmonic generation conversion efficiency of 15%/W/cm2 at 1.064 μm, close to the theoretical maximum. We show that this technique can significantly broaden processing latitude for fabricating practical nonlinear optical waveguide devices.
This report describes a feasibility study concerning the use of a visible diode laser for two important fluorescence applications in a flow cytometer. With a 3 mW 635 nm diode laser, we performed immunofluorescence measurements using the fluorophore allophycocyanin (APC). We have measured CD8 positive lymphocytes with a two-step labeling procedure and the resulting histograms showed good separation between the negative cells and the dim and the bright fluorescent subpopulations. As a second fluorescence application, we chose DNA analysis with the recently developed DNA/ RNA stains TOTO-3 and TO-PRO-3. In our setup TO-PRO-3 yielded the best results with a CV of 3.4%. Our results indicate that a few milliwatts of 635 nm light from a visible diode laser is sufficient to do single color immunofluorescence measurements with allophycocyanin and DNA analysis with TO-PRO-3. The major advantages of using a diode laser in a flow cytometer are the small size, the low price, the high efficiency, and the long lifetime. 0 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.