ESALQ), através do CPG em "Ciência Animal e Pastagens", pelo oferecimento do curso. Ao professor do Departamento de Zootecnia da ESALQ, Prof Dr. José Fernando Machado Menten, pela amízade e orientação. Aos professores do Departamento de Zootecnia da ESALQ pelos ensinamentos. Ao colega do CNPSA, pesquisador Gustavo Júlio Mello Monteiro de Lima, pela amizade e auxílio durante todo o curso. Ao amigo e colega do CNPSA, pesquisador Antonio Lourenço Guídoní, pelo convívio, auxílio na análise estatística dos dados e revisão deste trabalho. Aos amigos e colegas do CNPSA, pesquisadores Dirceu Zanotto, Nelson Mores e Juríj Sobestiansky, pela compreensão, auxílio e sugestões oferecidas na revisão deste trabalho. Aos amigos Gilberto Silber Schmidt e Waldomiro Barioni Júnior pelo auxílio e estímulo constantes. À Irene C. Zanatta, pela correção das referências bibliográficas.Aos amigos e colegas de curso, pela convivência.
A case control study was performed in the Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini, Italy, to find out whether roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) were more likely to harbour antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in their faeces, compared to Enterococcus spp. Ten areas were selected and samples were collected during a fourmonths (May to August, 2008) sampling period. Samples of water (n=12) and feces (n=59), collected at 10 different sites, were cultured for E. coli and Enterococcus spp. The resulting colonies were screened for tetracycline, ampicillin and kanamycin resistance using the Lederberg Replica Plating method (breakpoint 4 μg/ml). All resistant isolates were then selected, and subjected to the CLSI antimicrobial plate susceptibility test (7). Among the water specimens contaminated by E. coli, 80% were found to be resistant to ampicillin, 80% to tetracycline and 40% to kanamycin. Among the water specimens contaminated by Enterococcus spp., 14.29% were found to be resistant to ampicillin, 14.29% to tetracycline and 71.3% to kanamycin. Among the 39 strains of E. coli isolated from red deer feces, 12 were resistant to ampicillin (30.77%), 5 to tetracycline (12,82%) and 3 to kanamycin (7.69%). Among the 19 strains of Enterococcus spp. isolated from red deer feces, 0 were resistant to ampicillin (0%), 1 to tetracycline (5.26%) and 19 to kanamycin (100). These are significant findings, indicating that antibiotic resistance can be found in naïve animal populations and that red deer and fallow deer could act as sentinels for antimicrobial resistance. Key words Antibiotic-resistance, red deer, fallow deer, Escherichi
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