The purpose of this study was to determine effects of feeding canola and soybean products as protein supplements on fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and muscle of slaughter bulls and steers and on fatty acid composition of kidney and liver total lipids of bulls. Products included canola meal (CM), extruded canola (EC, full-fat), ground canola (GC, full-fat), soybean meal (SBM), and extruded soybeans (ES, full-fat). Tissues were obtained at slaughter from 75 crossbred beef bulls and 50 crossbred beef steers fed corn silage (17.2 to 29.7% of DM), ground corn (56.5 to 75.0% of DM), and protein supplements (6.8 to 21.6% of DM). The DMI was not influenced by dietary fat in either trial. Gain: feed was greater (P < .05) for bulls fed CM than for bulls fed ES, EC, or GC. Carcasses were not influenced appreciably by dietary fat. Adipose tissue of EC-fed cattle had the lowest percentage of 16:0 (P < .05, vs SBM, CM, and GC), whereas both EC- and GC-fed cattle had the highest 18:0 (P < .05). In muscle (pectoral), EC-fed bulls had a higher percentage of 18:1 than SBM-fed bulls (P < .05), and EC-fed steers had the lowest 16:0 and 16:1 and highest 18:0, 18:3, and 20:1 (P < .05). Kidney total lipids of EC- and GC-fed bulls had the lowest percentage of 16:0 and highest 18:1 and 18:3 (P < .05); bulls fed ES had the highest percentage of 18:2. Liver-lipid 16:0 was highest in ES-fed bulls and lowest in EC-fed bulls, which also had the highest 18:0 (P < .05). Bulls fed EC and GC had the highest 18:3 and 20:5 (P < .05). In conclusion, dietary full-fat canola and in some cases full-fat soybeans altered the fatty acid composition of lipids of adipose tissue, muscle, kidney, and liver of beef cattle.
Seventy-two Rambouillet ewes were fed one of two different levels of energy and protein during gestation to determine the effects of maternal undernutrition on growth and development in their offspring. Levels of energy and protein for the two groups of ewes were: 70% of National Research Council (NRC) requirements 30 d prior to breeding and the first 100 d of gestation and then alfalfa hay fed at 70% of the average consumed by group 2, and 100% of NRC requirements 30 d prior to breeding and throughout gestation. Dissection data from the leg and muscle characteristics were recorded for each lamb. Neither dissected muscle and fat percentages nor proximate analyses of dissected muscles was influenced by ewe undernutrition during early pregnancy. However, the reduced conception rate, increased embryonic/fetal mortality, decreased birth weights and increased lamb mortality resulted in a severe reduction in kilograms of lamb per ewe bred. Feeding ewes 70% of NRC requirements during gestation resulted in lambs with heavier semitendinosus muscle weights, larger muscle fiber diameters and shorter sarcomere lengths than in lambs from adequately fed ewes. No influence of ewe diet, birth type or sex was observed for proportions of muscle fiber type (beta R, alpha R or alpha W). Therefore, low level feeding of ewes during early gestation had no detrimental effects on the carcass or muscle fiber characteristics of their lambs at slaughter.
Brassica species are well suited for late fall production, and provide a high‐quality forage for growing lambs (Ovis aries). This study was conducted to compare growth and fatty acid composition of adipose tissue of lambs that grazed either of two Brassica forages with lambs that grazed sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) forage. The Brassicas were planted in early August as a second crop following flat pea (Lathyrus latifolius L.) silage harvest. Seventy‐two ewe lambs were randomly allotted to nine replicates of eight lambs. Three replicates of lambs were randomly assigned one of three forage diets. They grazed either tyfon (B. campestris L. × B. rapa L.), ‘Green Globe’ turnips (B. rapa L.), or sugarbeet tops and roots from 4 November to IS December. Thirty‐six of the lambs continued on the treatments until 6 January when they were slaughtered. Subcutaneous (dock) adipose tissue was obtained at slaughter for fatty acid analysis. Total gains, final weights (6 January), carcass weights, and dressing percents were less (P < 0.05) for lambs that grazed beet tops and roots than lambs grazing either tyfon or turnips. Quality and yield grades of carcasses were not different. Adipose tissue of lambs that grazed beet forage had more (P < 0.05) 12:0 and 14:0 and less (P < 0.05) 19:0 and 18:3 fatty acids than adipose tissue from lambs that grazed turnips or tyfon. Lambs that grazed Brassica forages showed improved performance late in the season compared with lambs that grazed beet forage. Fatty acid composition of depot fat was influenced by type of forage grazed by the lambs.
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