Quantum-size effects have been shown to influence significantly the determination of work functions from thin-slab calculations. We show here that a technique based on macroscopic averages can be used to reduce such effects and determine more precisely the work functions of metals from ab initio thin-film calculations. The technique combines the mean electrostatic potential step across the slab surface with the Fermi energy of a bulk crystal. The method is applied to Al(100) slabs containing 1-14 atomic layers.

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A steady-state model of a conventional floating ring bearing is presented, specifically, to assess the feasibility of its use in the power generating industry. It necessitates the numerical solution of the Reynolds and energy equations for both inner and outer lubricant films. Oil recirculation and heat and mass transfer between the films are included. For the application considered, the oil temperatures and eccentricity ratios encountered are not excessive.