Thermal stress development in materials could lead to structural failure in engineering applications. Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) have gained wide acceptance in the manufacturing industry. However, its thermo-elastic behaviour at elevated temperatures still remains an open question. Heat transfer analysis coupled with material layer-wise arrangement technique of the CFRP was implemented to investigate the thermo-elastic behaviour of these composites. A finite element model (FEM) was built and studied using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The heat energy applied in the simulation was sourced from a heat beam model. The deposited beam power was varied from 10 to 200W, and focused at the centre of the laminate (y p ¼ 0.15 m). The laminates considered were made up of six layers with distinctly different stacking sequences. The thermal stresses and strains obtained from the finite element analysis were assessed to observe the material's behaviour when subjected to increasing thermal load. Results revealed that thermal stresses are intense along fiber-direction of the composite laminates. The CFRP material was found to give good thermo-elastic characteristics at lower deposited heat power, however, this was not the case for higher deposited heat power (e.g. 200 W). The anisotropic property of the laminate had a significant influence in managing the thermal stresses. The study was repeated for carbon fibers doped with nanoparticles of silicon carbide (CFSiC) and resin bonded glass fiber (RBGF). It was found that the results were distinctly different when compared with the CFRP laminate. CFSiC showed to exhibit an ehanced thermo-elastic behaviour, due to the high thermal stability of SiC nanoparticles in the composite.

High static pressure due to flow transitioning associated with recirculation, mixing, and separation around a pipe bend is a possible cause for a decrease in flow efficiency. This paper aims to use edge-tailored guide vanes to ease flow transition and improve flow efficiency, numerically. Here, flow efficiency serves the purpose for qualifying the effectiveness of the proposed technology.Sensitivity studies were performed on the influence of number of guide vane and guide vane thickness in a 45° pipe elbow. In setting up the numerical model for the assumed two-phase flow system (crude oil and water), the volume of fluid model was activated to model time-dependent fluctuations of each interacting phase volume fraction throughout the flow period. Furthermore, the improved delayed detached-eddy simulation turbulence model is employed to resolve the flow features in and outside the wall boundary layer. From the findings, an improvement in flow performance was witnessed using guide vanes. Furthermore, three thin and non-contacting guide vanes were strategically positioned at the center and towards the circumference of the pipe within the bend area, causing an increase in flow efficiency by 78.87%. In addition, the guide vanes played a significant role in limiting turbulence effect to effective flow of the primary phase.