Benchm arking w a itin g tim esB y J o y T illo tso n , J a n i c e A d lin g to n , a n d C y n th ia H olt On average users wait about two minutes to speak to a librarianJ o y Tillotson is b e a d , In form a tio n S erv ices, a t M em o r ia l University o f N e w fo u n d la n d ; e-m a il: jo y t@ m o r g a n .u c s .m u n .c a . J a n i c e A d lin g ton is n etw o rk r eso u rc es lib r a r ia n a t Trinity C ollege; e -m a il: ja n ic e .a d lin g to n ® m a il. c c .trin c o ll.e d u . C y n th ia H olt is r e fe r e n c e lib r a r ia n a n d b ib lio g r a p h e r a t th e University o f M a n ito b a ; e -m a il: h o lt@ c c .u m a n ito b a .c a
As the information needs and services of today's Armed Forces grow in size and complexity, providing the necessary transport networks to support broadband services becomes a significant challenge. This is especially true in tactical environments where Warfighters often rely on low data-rate tactical networks or bandwidthconstrained terrestrial circuits for last-mile data dissemination. Furthermore, these networks typically cannot support the transport requirements of mobile or dismounted Warfighters, a capability which is essential to the nature of their operations. Providing high bandwidth information such as real-time video or high-resolution images and maps to mobile forces would significantly increase Situational Awareness (SA) and provide broadband digital services to the tactical environment. This last-mile broadband capability could significantly streamline the decision-making cycle horizontally and vertically for a more lethal, agile and effective combat force.DVB-H, a newly released European standard defined to broadcast digital television to mobile handheld devices, is one potential technology that could provide the necessary bandwidth, range, and mobility requirements to transmit information in a wireless, last-mile tactical environment.The projected widespread acceptance of DVB-H technology in Europe, Australia, and throughout the world is expected to create a strong market of interoperable, standards-based products in the near future. Implementing a standards-based Commercial-of-the-Shelf (COTS) solution will better prepare the DoD in adopting technology advancements in a more timely and cost effective manner. This paper introduces the capabilities and benefits of DVB-H technology and examines how DVB-H can extend current information sources and services to dismounted, mobile Warfighters. Specifically, this paper also addresses the design, capabilities, and benefits of a last-mile extension of the Global Broadcast Service (GBS) with a DVB-H network. Standards Institute (ETSI) finalized and released the DVB-H standard. DVB-H builds upon the Digital Video Broadcast-Terrestrial (DVB-T) standard which specified the terrestrial transmission of MPEG-2 based television services. Although DVB-T was designed to support fixed receivers, experimental results and deployments illustrated the technology's ability to also support mobile environments. However, the DVB-T technology, which targets fixed, electrically-powered receivers, does not support battery-limited hand-held devices. The DVB-H standard was developed to address this power limitation and improve reception in mobile environments.To provide a one-way, robust broadcast in a variety of operational conditions, DVB-T and DVB-H employ Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (C-OFDM). This multiplexing technology involves splitting a wide channel bandwidth into numerous narrow-band channels, called sub-carriers. Transmitting on multiple carriers increases the system's robustness against dynamic and static multi-path effects which occur when multiple...
The Digital Video Broadcast -Satellite, Second Generation (DVB-S2) protocol has been developed and standardized as an evolution of the Digital Video Broadcast-Satellite (DVB-S) waveform for European satellite broadcasting by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and is a candidate for use in US military systems that employ DVB-S. This paper will describe the evolutionary efficiencies of DVB-S2 over DVB-S, increases in performance, capacity, and effectiveness, and draw some conclusions about how military broadcast systems could benefit from this waveform in the future. The Global Broadcast Service, a DVB-based, one-way, highcapacity, Department of Defense (DoD) satellite system that is used for transfer of classified and unclassified video, imagery, and other information, will be presented in a case study to illustrate the potential impacts of migrating a DVB-S based system to the DVB-S2 standard. The paper focuses on the technology and waveform efficiency of the DVB-S2 standard in military satellite communication (MILSATCOM) applications and provides a clear description of the status and authority ofthis evolving standard. INTRODUCTIONA second-generation standard for Digital Video Broadcast over Satellite (DVB-S), denoted DVB-S, Second Generation (DVB-S2) was ratified by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in March 2005. DVB-S2 combines DVB-S and DVB-Digital Satellite News Gathering (DVB-DSNG) with advancements in coding technology and interactive services to provide capacity and reliability enhancements for a variety of applications. The enhanced features of the DVB-S2 standard will provide immediate and future capacity and availability benefits that can improve the performance and reduce cost for systems that currently implement DVB standards for media broadcast.
The Global Broadcast Service (GBS) provides a worldwide, high capacity, one-way transmission of classified and unclassified video, imagery, and other information as required to support joint military forces in garrison, in transit, and in theater. GBS enables real-time information product delivery to the Warfighter by providing a combination of leased commercial and government owned satellite communications payloads that are shared based on CINCIJTP commanders' priorities, operational locations, and the platform capabilities of the deployed users. Led by the GBS Joint Program Office (JPO) and the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), the DoD is currently performing a technology refresh of the GBS satellite headend and receive terminal architectures, focusing on Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) open standards, IP data transport, and commercial communications technology. This technology refresh effort has significantly enhanced the capabilities and realtime IP-based services that GBS provides to theaterdeployed warfighters.While the GBS IP technology refresh has increased the availability of broadband SATCOM services to deployed forces, the significant challenge remains ofextending GBS broadband communications services to the mobile, tactically disadvantaged warfighter. Digital Video Broadcast -Terrestrial (DVB-T) is a robust wireless transport technology that can provide one-way broadband services to mobile warfighters in the last mile tactical environment. This paper presents the engineering strategies and design principles used to develop a secure GBS tactical wireless extension architecture using commercial DVB-T technology. The paper will also discuss the performance and design considerations associated with mobile warfighter reception of broadband GBS services over a last-mile DVB-T terrestrial broadcast.
The Global Broadcast Service (GBS) provides a worldwide, high-capacity, one-way transmission of classijied and unclassijied video, imagery, and other information as required to support joint military forces in garrison, in transit, and in theater. GBS enables realtime information product delivery to the Warfighter by providing satellite resources that are shared based on CINC/JTF commanders' priorities, operational locations, and the plarfonn capabilities of the deployed users. The rapid technological evolution of the Commercial Satellite Internet Service Provider (ISP) market over the past decade has enabled the GBS JPO and the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) to re-evaluate the suitabiliry of commercial technology and equipment for an enhanced GBS architecture. Led by the GBS JPO Systems Engineering team the DoD is subsequently planning to perform a technology rejkesh of the GBS architecture, focusing on DVB open standards, IP data transport, and commercial communications technology. This technical re-design of the GBS architecture will significantly enhance the capabilities and real-time services that GBSprovides to the deployed Warfighter. This paper explores the design principles, engineering strategies, and key technologies that will enable the transition of GBS to a next generation Military SATCOM system.
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