"Mortality data of the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR [German Democratic Republic] are compared by age, sex and cause of death....Within the period from 1976 to 1986 life expectancy has risen in the Federal Republic of Germany, whereas in the GDR it increased to a minor extent only, so that the gap between the two parts of Germany has clearly enlarged. This enlarged gap in life expectancy largely depends on a higher mortality in the GDR due to diseases of the circular system and the respiratory organs, external influences and 'other' causes of death. The last-mentioned two groups also 'contain' the normally [separately] reported causes of death 'cirrhosis of the liver', 'suicide', 'accidents', and some diseases of the digestive system." (SUMMARY IN FRE)
Abstract. This paper discusses pronatatist and migration policies that have been introduced in selected European countries. Measures and objectives are briefly described before an evaluation of the efficacy of each is provided. The case studies chosen show that pronatalist policies have had limited effects. Migration policies seem to have been more effective, although their aims so far have been largely non-demographic. Migration strategies will increasingly have to be considered for demographic reasons in the future, to counterbalance population decline. Both pronatalist and migration strategies tend to conflict with other policies (social and economic policies, emancipation or housing policies), and to be in competition with the demands of an ageing society. Limits to the development or expansion of either strategy are spelled out. Finally a few untried mechanisms are mentioned.
Rdsumd. Les politiques de population dans les soei~tds avanc~es : stratdgies natalistes etmigratoires L'auteur &udie les politiques natalistes et migratoires adopt6es par certains pays europ6ens. Apr~s une br6ve description des mesures et des objectifs, elle pr6sente une 6valuation de leur efficacit6. Les cas &udi6s ici montrent que les politiques natahstes n'ont en que des effets limit6s. Les politiques migratoires semblent avoir 6t6 plus efficaces, quoiqu'elles aient poursuivi, jusqu'~ pr6sent, des objectifs essentiellement non d6mographiques. Dans ravenir, on va devoir de plus en plus envisager des strat6gies migratoires pour des motifs d6mographiques, afin de contrer la diminution de la population. Les strat6gies natalistes comme les strategies migratoires ont tendance entrer en conflit avec d'autres politiques (politiques sociales et 6conomiques, politiques d'6mancipation ou du logement) et h concurrencer les exigences d'une soci&6 vieillissante. L'auteur 6voque les limitations qul s'imposent au d6veloppement de telles strat6gies et signale quelques possibilit6s non encore explor6es.
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