The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis of childhood epilepsy and to analyze prognostic factors in addition to remission rate in a follow-up of newly referred patients. Two hundred eighty-one patients were followed for a mean period of 5.3 years. Overall, 253 patients (90%) achieved 1-year remission. The beginning of a 1-year seizure-free period was achieved in 77.9% by 1 year, in 84% by 2 years and in 88.6% by 3 years after onset of treatment. Early onset of seizures, symptomatic etiology, and neurologic handicap predicted a worse prognosis. In 44 of 253 children with complete suppression of seizures for 1 year, relapses occurred within the follow-up period. In one child with a relapse, remission could not be achieved in the 2nd year thereafter. In conclusion, our study shows a good prognosis for most children with epilepsy, especially in patients with idiopathic epilepsy and late onset of seizures and without neurologic dysfunction. Moreover, our data strongly suggest that the long-term pattern of seizure control is largely established during the first 2 years of treatment.
Resonances of higher order modes determine the usable bandwidth of a TEM cell. Since the resonating mode and its characteristic field distribution are known [l], measures are taken to selectively suppress resonances of higher order modes. Thus the bandwidth of the cell is expanded without affecting the TEM mode. Loading the cell with objects results in abrupt changes of the cross sectional geometry. Effects on the resonances due to size and position of the objects are examined.
The influence of clonazepam (Ro 5‐4023) on the EEG was studied in 80 patients. The EEG was recorded before, during and after intravenous administration. Beta activity occurred in practically all cases. In 26 children the record was normalized, and there was remarkable improvement in another 26 patients. One record showed exacerbation. In 27 cases the tracing was essentially unchanged. In 4 of these 27 cases the EEG was normal before administration of clonazepam. The distribution of the 76 abnormal EEG records was as follows: Group A: 24 with focal sharp waves and spikes. Group B: 6 with focal spikes and waves. Group C: 37 with generalized spike‐and‐wave discharges. Group D: 9 with hypsarrhythmia, generalized spikes, theta rhythms etc. Group C showed the best results. Normalization 18 (out of 26). Remarkable improvement 10 (out of 26). No change 9 (out of 23). In 9 children the effect was controlled. In 7 the improvement could be repeated, in 2 the effect was constantly insufficient. A wide range of dosage was given (0.03–0.3 mg/kg).
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