A preliminary investigation was conducted regarding the use of throttles for emergency flight control of a multiengine aircraft.Several airplanes including a light twin-engine piston-powered airplane, jet trans-
A multi-engine aircraft, with some or all of the flight control system inoperative, may use engine thrust for control. NASA Dryden has conducted a study of the capability and techniques for this emergency flight control method for the F-15 airplane. With an augmented control system, engine thrust, along with appropriate feedback parameters, is used to control flightpath and bank angle. Extensive simulation studies have been followed by flight tests. This paper discusses the principles of throttles-only control, the F-15 airplane, the augmented system, and the flight results including actual landings with throttles-only control. Nomenclature CAS control augmentation system CG center of gravity DEEC digital electronic engine control EMD engine model derivative HIDEC Highly Integrated Digital Electronic Control HUD heads up display PCA propulsion controlled aircraft V airspeed, kts α angle of attack, deg γ flightpath angle, deg φ bank angle, deg
1. The object of this paper is to explain the principles upon which the flapping flight of birds depend and to show how the velocities, power expended and gliding angles can be approximately calculated. The birds are considered to be flying on a horizontal course with constant velocity. The calculations have been made for five birds, the Teal, the Grouse, the Common Swift, the Starling and the Stork, but the formulae given can of course be used for any bird.2. The results obtained seem to show that:—1st.—As regards velocities, the very high speeds given by some writers are by no means so impossible as is generally supposed.2nd.—The power expended at these high speeds is much less than the estimates usually made.
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