RESUMO Avaliações com o intuito de mensurar marcadores de eficiência na performance esportiva do cavalo Crioulo são escassas e de fundamental importância no que tange às possíveis especificidades da raça. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e determinar os padrões de frequência cardíaca, velocidade, concentração de lactato e gasto energético de equinos da raça Crioula durante provas credenciadoras ao Freio de Ouro. Tais variáveis foram avaliadas durante a realização das etapas funcionais da competição. Observaram-se flutuações superiores da variável frequência cardíaca (FC) durante a realização das etapas de Andadura, Figura, Volta sobre Patas e Esbarradas (And/fig/VSP) (203bpm) e menores valores na etapa Paleteada II (185bpm) (P<0,05). Em relação à velocidade, o maior valor atingido foi registrado na etapa de Paleteada II (39,7km/h). A concentração de lactato sanguíneo aferida se mostrou elevada em todas as fases da competição, sendo o maior valor observado na etapa de Paleteada II (14,5mmol/L) (P<0,05) e o menor durante a etapa de Mangueira I (9,3mmol/L). Superior gasto energético foi atribuído à etapa de And/Fig/VSP (853,28kcal/kgPV/min). Portanto, todas as etapas funcionais podem ser classificadas como anaeróbias, por apresentarem concentrações de lactato sanguíneo acima de 4mmol/L, e demandam alto gasto energético pelos competidores.
RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a dissimilaridade fenotípica de amostras populacionais de três linhagens de éguas Crioulas, uruguaia (La Invernada), argentina (Cardal) e chilena, para caracteres morfológicos, apontando as características de maior variância intra e entre as diferentes linhagens que são passíveis de seleção. Foram avaliadas 22 características morfológicas de 113 éguas da linhagem uruguaia “La Invernada”, 38 argentinas “Cardal” e 73 chilenas puras, totalizando 224 éguas de cria pertencentes à raça Crioula. Para determinação das variáveis lineares e de perímetro, foi utilizada fita métrica, prumo, paquímetro e hipômetro. Verificou-se variabilidade nas características morfológicas entre as três linhagens (P<0,05), incluindo as características lineares altura, perímetro de tórax e perímetro de canela (P<0,01), consideradas de caráter impositivo para fins de registro. Maior variação fenotípica foi observada nas éguas da linhagem chilena em relação aos outros dois grupos genéticos (P<0,01). As características morfológicas altura garupa, perímetro rostral pescoço, comprimento metatarso, largura garupa, profundidade do tórax, comprimento dorsal pescoço e comprimento do corpo foram passíveis de seleção entre as éguas Crioulas pertencentes às linhagens argentina (Cardal), uruguaia (La Invernada) e chilena. Em conclusão, não há homogeneidade entre as linhagens estudadas, o que identifica a diversidade entre as linhagens de éguas Crioulas estudadas.
Feeding low-birth-weight (BW) babies with high-protein formulas is common practice for catching up a normal body weight. However, epidemiological data have suggested that this practise increases the risk of obesity in adolescence (1) . The influence of such diets on intestinal immunity is not known. IgA secreted into the gastrointestinal tract is essential for its protection against infections (2) . The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of normal (NP)-and high (HP)-protein formulas and maternal milk (MM) on ileal and faecal IgA in the swine model, using low-and normal-BW pigs.Eighty suckling pigs (forty low BW and forty normal BW; 0.9 v. 1.4 (SE 0.03) kg respectively) were assigned to four treatments (MM-7d, MM-28d, NP and HP) at 7 d of age according to incomplete intra-litter blocks. MM pigs were kept with the sow and killed at 7 or 28 d of age (MM-7d and MM-28d respectively). NP and HP pigs were placed in metabolism cages individually and fed formulas until death at day 28. The NP formula was designed to mimic sow's milk composition while the HP formula contained 33 % (w/w) more protein. Ileal digesta and faeces and blood plasma were collected after death and frozen at -20 C until IgA analysis by ELISA. Data were analysed statistically using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary NC, USA) after log transformation. The model included birth weight, block, litter, age at slaughter, diet and relevant interactions. Groups were compared by pre-planned non-orthogonal contrasts when the diet effect was significant (P < 0.05).The effects of litter, BW and interactions were not significant (P > 0.05). Ileal IgA decreased between 7 and 28 d of age (P < 0.05) in MM piglets. The feeding regimen had no influence on ileal IgA at 28 d. IgA concentration in faeces did not vary between 7 and 28 d in MM piglets. At 28 d of age faecal IgA was higher in HP-fed pigs than in NP-fed pigs (P < 0.05), with IgA levels being intermediate in MM pigs. Plasma IgA at 28 d (not determined at 7 d) was higher in formula-fed piglets as compared with MM piglets (P < 0.05) with no difference between NP and HP diets.The HP diet increased faecal IgA concentration in young pigs regardless of BW. This effect may reflect an increased IgA response to dietary antigens. The lack of diet effect at the ileal level suggests a role of the large intestine, despite the fact that the small intestine is the major site of IgA production (3) . Underlying mechanisms may involve a stimulation of colonic IgA production, a reduction in IgA degradation in the colon or both. In contrast, such an effect of the diet was not seen systemically, indicating a specific intestinal response. Decreased ileal IgA with increasing age may be a result of a high passive immunity after colostrum consumption during the first days of life. Finally, feeding formulas appeared to stimulate systemic immunity.
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