A statistical analysis is presented of real radar clutter data collected using the McMaster IPIX radar in 1998 and stored in the Grimsby database. We first show the deviations of the amplitude statistics from the Rayleigh model and the suitability of the K- and Weibull-distribution for the first-order amplitude statistical characterization. Thus we focus on the I and Q components of the available data and study their statistical compatibility with the compound Gaussian model. Towards. this goal it has been necessary devising appropriate testing procedures; in particular, with reference to the higher order. statistics agreement, we have designed a validation procedure involving the clutter representation into generalized spherical coordinates. Remarkably the results have confirmed the suitability of the spherically invariant random processes (SIRPs) for the correct modeling of the radar clutter. Finally we have performed a spectral analysis highlighting the close matching between the estimated clutter spectral density and the exponential model
A study of the retrieval of sea surface roughness using Global Navigation Satellite System‐Reflectometry (GNSS‐R) from satellite is presented. Delay‐Doppler Maps (DDMs) from the SSTL UK‐DMC satellite are analyzed to retrieve directional Mean Square Slopes (MSSs). Results are compared to theoretically‐derived MSSs and in situ measurements from co‐located buoys of the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), showing good agreement in most cases. Here, the whole DDM, a more complete source of information, is exploited for the first time using satellite GNSS‐R data. These are potentially able to provide high spatial and temporal sampling, and therefore offer an improved way to observe wind and waves by means of a very modest instrument.
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