THISarticle describes the development and performance of screen-plate columns that have been used for generalpurpose hydrocarbon fractionations and in pilot-plant processes for separating pure hydrocarbons from petroleum* in the University of Texas laboratories during the past several years.Laboratory fractionating columns may be classified as packed, film-type, and plate-type. With the exceptions of Stedman embossed packing (I) and single-turn helices (4), high-efficiency film-type packings have been successful only in smaller sizes of laboratory columns. The efficiency of such columns is often sensitive to throughput and even to the operator's technique. These considerations led to the development of screen-tray columns having the desirable characteristic of relatively constant plate efficiency over a wide range of liquid and vapor velocities.Bruun developed a 1-inch (25-mm.) diameter, all-glass bubbletray column (£) that has found extensive use. Oldershaw reported comparable performance data on all-glass perforatedplate columns (ff).
HE naturally occurring Ca hydrocarbons in crude oil (with the exception of 2,2-dimethylbutane) were isolated by the National Bureau of Standards in A. P. I. Research Project 6 (2, 2A, 3, 7). Bruun, Hicks-Bruun, and Faulconer later isolated the missing isomer from a West Virginia natural gasoline of selected boiling range (4). The sample contained no naphthenes or aromatics, and was resolved by several successive distillations in 52-and 100-plate fractionating columns. This straightforward procedure was not possible for the naphtha from the crude oil, because of the methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane, and benzene present in the Ce fraction.A great deal of information was amassed on naturally occurring hydrocarbons, their physical properties, and their mixture behavior during the course of -4. P. I. Research Project 6. With that as a background, Rossini recently developed a systematic procedure for analyzing the straight-run gasoline fraction of petroleum and published preliminary results on East Texas and Oklahoma samples (IO). The method consists of separating the aromatics by adsorption on silica gel, then performing an "analytical distillation" upon the separated portions. While a single distillation upon each portion resolved them sufficiently for accurate analysis, the distillations must be carried out in a low-capacity column and under very high reflux ratio. The time required is from many hours to as long as several months. One of the purposes of this paper is to show that, by a further initial separation of the sample into essentially paraffinic and naphthenic portions, the analytical distillations are greatly expedited.Pure Ca hydrocarbons are not now being separated from petroleum in commercial quantity, although an immediate demand for them is anticipated as soon as they become T A quantitative analysis for the hydrocarbons present in a narrow-boiling mid-continent hexane fraction (from natural gas) was obtained by nitrating out the benzene, separating the aromatic-free mixture into essentially paraffinic and naphthenic portions, and then fractionating each portion in a Podbielniak Heli-Grid column. In contrast to reports on other straight-run hexane fractions, its 3-methylpentane content was too small for identification of this hydrocarbon.available a t reasonable price. Several commercial "hexanes" are on the market; in general, they are prepared by fractional distillation. These are promising source materials or concentrates for preparation of the pure hydrocarbons. MATERIAL AND FRACTIONATIONA quantity of Skellysolve B was obtained from the Skelly Oil Company who reported the source to be natural gas from the Burbank field of Oklahoma. Inspection tests showed:Distillation--Gravity, A. P. I. 74.9 Initial B. P. 148' F. d i 0 0.6814 5 % over 150 n %o 1.3840 10% 150 Aniline point, O C. 59.2 20% 151 Bromine No., mg./g. 0 . 7 30% 151.5 40% 1.52 50% 152.5 153 153.5 154 155 156 95% End point 165 Recovery 99.0% Residue 0 . 2 Loss 0 . 8 E P ET!As a preliminary analysis, samples of the material were carefully frac...
The Distex process has been applied to the separation of a narrow-boiling heptane fraction (Skellysolve C) from mid-continent natural gas, and pure n-heptane has been prepared by two operations. The Distex pilot plant and
A modified acid solubility method offers improved by adding 15% fuming sulfuric acid to a solution of accuracy in the determination of aromatics and ole-the sample in glacial acetic acid. Tests on various fins in hydrocarbon mixtures.
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