The errors in fiber orientation distribution measurements of compression molding materials have been investigated, for generated as well as for real distributions. Because of the size of the sample, only a finite number of fibers are visible in a picture leading to a statistical error in the measurement. A method is proposed to express this error as function of the number of visible fibers and the number of subintervals the distribution is divided into. Studies of the error In a Fraunhofer/FT based fiber orientation distribution analysis have been performed, including effects of increasing number of fibers (fiber‐fiber intersections) in generated pictures and investigation of the errors in real fiber images. All steps in a fiber orientation distribution analysis of SMC/GMT kind of material are described, including suitable equipment, image enhancement methods and investigation of the errors present in analysis of a real image as well as comparisons to hand–measured data.
A mould filling simulation of an automotive hood geometry was performed using a general purpose finite volume computational fluid dynamics (CFD)code. The simulation was performed as a homogenous multi-phase model using mass sinks to remove excess air from the computational domain and performed in three-dimensions. The kinematic boundary condition was modelled using a hydrodynamic friction at the mould boundaries corresponding to that in the Barone and Caulk approximation. The fibre orientation distribution was simulated through-out the closure phase using the Folgar Tucker equation for the reorientation of the fibres and orientation tensors to describe the local orientation for each element. The paper presents the methodology for, and the possibilities of, using a general purpose CFD code for these kinds of simulations. Both mould filling simulations in general can be performed and special cases where the standard simplifications of the governing equations are not valid can be investigated.
Abstract. The present paper presents, a probabilistic simulation package, Tensit, used for migration calculation of radionuclides from a deep repository for spent nuclear fuel to the biosphere. The package is based on pre-existing codes (Matlab, Simulink and the probabilistic engine @Risk) and is capable of performing migration calculations for the near field, far field and the biosphere for a high level waste repository. In addition to the compartment based models based on transfer factors, the code is also able to handle the more complex ecosystem models (based on flow of carbon and nutrients) either separately or in combination with the compartment models. Comparisons with other codes used for compartment based biosphere modelling as well as example of simple models, more advanced ecosystems and connected ecosystems Landscape model are shown in the paper.
Spent nuclear fuel from the Swedish energy programme will be stored in an underground repository situated in saturated fractured rock at a depth of approximately 500 m. This paper describes numerical simulations of radionuclide migration in the near-field (consisting of a canister filled with spent fuel and an engineered system backfilled with swelling clays) for the recently completed safety assessment SR-Can [1] using a Matlab / Simulink code. Handling of input data for the models from the site descriptive programme from on-going investigations at two candidate sites and the numerical modelling concept are discussed.
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