Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaf on the toxicity were investigated. A total of thirty rats were divided into six groups of 5 rats: Group A: Normal control, Group B: Negative control, Group C: Positive control I, Group D: Positive control II, Group E: Test control I, Group F: Test control II. Diabetes was induced with a single dose of alloxan (120mg/kg) body weight and serum glucose was taken 72hrs after induction to confirm diabetes. The oral administration for hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia started on the 4 th and 8 th day of the experiment respectively. The result showed that Carica papaya leaf extract significantly and progressively lowered the glucose level, TG, TC and LDL dose dependently while significantly causing a dose-related elevation in HDL concentration when compared to the untreated control and positive control groups (I & II) treated rats. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The aqueous extract of this plant can be used to brew a tonic that will allay the metabolic disruption produced by diabetes.
The leaves of six medicinal plant species Anacardium occidentale, Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Cymbopogon citratus, Psidium guajava and Vernonia amygdaline, widely used in Abia State, Nigeria were analyzed with a view to compare their phytochemical and mineral constituents. Result indicates that the bioactive contents of the leaves varied significantly (p< 0.05) among the medicinal plants; Cymbopogon citratus contained significantly higher concentration of phenols (0.27 a ±0 01), steroids (0.37 a ±0.02) and flavonoids (0.84 a ±0.02) than the other medicinal plants used for this study while there was no significant difference in phenol concentration between Cymbopogon citratus and Vernonia amgydalina. The concentration of alkaloids was significantly higher in Vernonia amgydalina (2.78 a ±0.02) than other species. Pisdium guajava had the lowest concentration of alkaloids (2.78 a ±0.02). While the result of minerals shows that the plants contained Ca, Mg, Na, K, and P. Vernonia amygdaline, Carica papaya and Anacardium occidentale have highest amount of Ca (0.21 a ±0.02 , 0.20 a ±0.02 and 0.19 a ±0.02) respectively and there was no significant difference in their calcium contents. Azadirachta indica had highest significant amount of Mg (0.45 a ±0.01) and K (0.34 a ±0.01) while Cymbopogon citratus had the least of all the mineral contents analyzed Vernonia amygdalina,Carica papaya and Anacardium occidentale had highest amount of Ca(0.21 a ±0.02, 0.20 a ±0.02 and 0.19 a ±0.02) respectively, however, there was no significant difference of calcium contained in the three species. Carica papaya had highest significant amount of phosphorus (0.38 a ±0.02) and there was no significant difference between Vernonia sp (0.30 b ±0.01), Psidium guajava (0.28 b ±0.01) and Anacardium sp (0.27 b ±0.02). Azadirachta indica had the highest significant amount of Mg(0.45 a ±0.01) and K(0.34 a ±0.01) and Vernonia sp highest significant amount of Na (0.46 a ±0.01) while Cymbopogon sp had the lowest amount of Mg(0.13 e ±0.01), Na (0.11 e ±0.01) , K (0.18 c ±0.01) and P (0.15 c ±0.01).
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