A small dose of intrathecal fentanyl 12.5 micro g and bupivacaine 2 mg produces effective labor analgesia lasting for approximately 85 min. The addition of a small 125- micro g dose of morphine improves pain control during subsequent epidural analgesia and reduces the requirements for postpartum pain medications.
The addition of small dose of morphine to the spinal component of the CSE technique improved the effectiveness of epidural labour analgesia and reduced the need for pain medications over 24 h, but resulted in a small increase in nausea.
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