This study documented a high prevalence of appositional closure in iridotomized eyes after APAC in Chinese patients. The anteriorly positioned ciliary body, as documented in these cases by ultrasound biomicroscopy, is the likely mechanism of the angle crowding in this patient population.

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Sir, Cryptococcal-related exudative retinal detachmentCryptococcosis is a common fungal infection in immunocompromized individuals. Frequent sites of involvement include the central nervous system, lung, skin, and eyes. We describe an unusual case of bilateral exudative retinal detachment in a HIV patient with cryptococcal meningitis. Case reportA 43-year old HIV-positive Chinese man was referred to the ophthalmology department for right-sided blurring of vision for 3 weeks, associated with headache and neck stiffness. He was on HAART (lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine), with trimethoprim/ sulphamethoxazole, clarithromycin, and ethambutol for Mycobacterium avium complex infection. His CD4 count was 104 cells/mm 3 . Visual acuity was 6/24

BACKGROUND Subcutaneous emphysema is a well-known complication of oral surgery, especially during mandibular wisdom tooth extraction. However, subcutaneous emphysema secondary to dental procedures such as crown preparation is rare. The main symptom of emphysema is swelling and crepitus on palpation. Uncontrolled emphysema may spread along the fascial planes and cause deep space infections or a pneumomediastinum. CASE SUMMARY In this paper, we report a 34-year-old female who underwent upper molar tooth preparation for crowns and subsequently developed extensive subcutaneous emphysema on the retromandibular angle on two different occasions. The treatment plan for this patient involved close observation of the airway, and administration of dexamethasone and antibiotics via intravenous drip or orally. Ice bag compression was quickly applied and medication was prescribed to alleviate discomfort and promote healing. Although the main reason is unclear, the presence of a fissure in the molar is an important clue which may contribute to the development of subcutaneous emphysema during crown preparation. It is imperative for dental professionals to recognize such pre-disposing factors in order to minimize the risk of complications. CONCLUSION This case highlights the need for prompt diagnosis and management of subcutaneous emphysema because of the risk of much more serious complications. Awareness of relatively “benign” subcutaneous emphysema during any dental procedure is critical not only for inexperienced dentists, but also for those who work in rural and remote settings as members of surgical teams. In this study, we review the clinical presentation, mechanism, and differential diagnosis of subcutaneous emphysema.