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KM3NeT is a research infrastructure located in the Mediterranean Sea, that will consist of two deep-sea Cherenkov neutrino detectors. With one detector (ARCA), the KM3NeT Collaboration aims at identifying and studying TeV–PeV astrophysical neutrino sources. With the other detector (ORCA), the neutrino mass ordering will be determined by studying GeV-scale atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The first KM3NeT detection units were deployed at the Italian and French sites between 2015 and 2017. In this paper, a description of the detector is presented, together with a summary of the procedures used to calibrate the detector in-situ. Finally, the measurement of the atmospheric muon flux between 2232–3386 m seawater depth is obtained.

The NEutrinoMediterranean Observatory-Submarine Network 1 (NEMO-SN1) seafloor observatory is located in the central Mediterranean Sea, Western Ionian Sea, off Eastern Sicily (Southern Italy) at 2100-m water depth, 25 km from the harbor of the city of Catania. It is a prototype of a cabled deep-sea multiparameter observatory and the first one operating with real-time data transmission in Europe since 2005. NEMO-SN1 is also the first-established node of the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory (EMSO), one of the incoming European large-scale research infrastructures included in the Roadmap of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) since 2006. EMSO will specifically address long-term monitoring of environmental processes related to marine ecosystems, climate change, and geohazards. NEMO-SN1 has been deployed and developed over the last decade thanks to Italian funding and to the European Commission (EC) project European Seas Observatory NETwork-Network of Excellence (ESONET-NoE, 2007-2011) that funded the Listening to the Deep Ocean-Demonstration Mission (LIDO-DM) and a technological interoperability test (http://www.esonet-emso.org). NEMO-SN1 is performing geophysical and environmental long-term monitoring by acquiring seismological, geomagnetic, gravimetric, accelerometric, physico-oceanographic, hydroacoustic, and bioacoustic measurements. Scientific objectives include studying seismic signals, tsunami generation and warnings, its hydroacoustic precursors, and ambient noise characterization in terms of marine mammal sounds, environmental and anthropogenic sources. NEMO-SN1 is also an important test site for the construction of the Kilometre-Cube Underwater Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT), another large-scale research infrastructure included in the ESFRI Roadmap based on a large volume neutrino telescope. The description of the observatory and its most recent implementations is presented. On June 9, 2012, NEMO-SN1 was successfully deployed and is working in real time

The electrochemical fabrication of a hybrid inorganic-organic field effect transistor ͑IOFET͒ is described. Ti-Zr mixed oxide ͑dielectric permittivity ϳ45͒ grown by anodizing has been used as a dielectric, while 3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene has been employed as a semiconducting polymer. The polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene on the oxide has been realized by a photoelectrochemical process. The metal/oxide/polymer junctions have been investigated by photocurrent spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The output transistor characteristics have been recorded in order to test the performance of the junctions in the IOFET structure.After discovery of conducting polymers and the possibility to modify their electrical properties ͑from insulating to metallic like behavior͒ by doping and a careful choice of the processing conditions, a large amount of research effort has been devoted to the theoretical understanding of their solid state properties as well as to exploit the possible application of conducting polymers in many technological fields including large area organic electronics, polymer photovoltaic cell, and sensors. 1-4 Organic thin film transistors appear very promising devices for the development of low cost, flexible, and disposable plastic electronics. In order to reduce the operating voltage it has been suggested in the literature to use mixed inorganic-organic thin film transistors by assembling a structure formed by metal ͑bottom contact͒/dielectric layer ͑gate͒/organic semiconductor/top contact ͑source/drain͒. According to this, a wet electrochemical route appears to be very promising in terms of cost, at least for the preparation of thin ͑thickness Ͻ10 nm͒ or thick ͑thickness Ͼ10 nm͒ oxide films by anodizing in aqueous electrolytes. Moreover, by taking into account the possibility to grow semiconducting polymers on wide bandgap dielectric oxide ͑Ta 2 O 5 ͒ by a photoelectrochemical route, which has been shown recently, 5,6 it seems very appealing to exploit an integral electrochemical route to fabricate advanced inorganic/organic hybrid structure which could be used as a building block for a field effect transistor ͑FET͒ junction.In this paper, we describe and discuss the electrochemical fabrication of a hybrid structure to be used in the production of an inorganic-organic field effect transistor ͑IOFET͒ using 3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene ͑PEDOT͒ as a semiconducting polymer and anodic films grown on the Ti-10 atom % Zr alloy as dielectrics. The choice of the oxide is based on its low dark current value and quite high photocurrent intensity, under monochromatic light, at not too high anodic potential and photon energy, 7 as well as on its high dielectric permittivity ͑ϳ45, according to Ref. 8͒. The metal/oxide/ polymer junctions are investigated by photocurrent spectroscopy ͑PCS͒ and scanning electron microscopy ͑SEM͒. Finally, output transistor characteristics are recorded in order to test the performance of the junctions in the IOFET structure. ExperimentalTi-10 atom % Zr alloys we...