Uma nova abordagem para adoção do método do Perfil Cultural em condições de solos tropicais é aqui tratada. Analisou-se a evolução desse método desde seu início na França, na década de 1960, até a proposta de sua utilização no estudo de manejo de solos tropicais. Tal método mostra-se eficiente no diagnóstico qualitativo do estado físico dos solos no campo, na orientação de amostragem de solos, no estudo dos efeitos da antropização, na visualização das interações físicas, químicas e biológicas dos solos, nos estudos de mecânica do solo no campo e no estudo da organização estrutural de solos agrícolas, além de auxiliar na análise do sistema radicular.

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RESUMOO estudo foi realizado no Triângulo Mineiro e teve como objetivo avaliar as modificações morfológicas e físicas de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo argiloso, quando comparadas uma pastagem antiga de baixa produtividade (BCO) e duas pastagens renovadas (BRP e BRC), utilizando uma área de Cerrado (CER) como referência. As análises físicas e morfológicas permitem concluir que: (a) existem impedimentos estruturais para o desenvolvimento radicular na pastagem antiga (BCO); (b) a porosidade formada por fissuras nas pastagens renovadas compensa a menor porosidade encontrada nos torrões; (c) a macrofauna de invertebrados teve importante papel na formação e na estabilidade de agregados e na regeneração dos volumes estruturais compactos; (d) nas pastagens renovadas, formadas somente por gramíneas ou consorciadas com Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão, os impedimentos estruturais deixam de existir; (e) o método do perfil cultural é recomendável em avaliações morfológicas de solos cultivados com pastagens.

Pasture degradation is a concern, especially in susceptible sandy soils for which strategies to recover them must be developed. Microbiological and biochemical soil health indicators are useful in the guindace of soil management practices and sustainable soil use. We assessed the success of three Panicum maximum Jacq. cultivars in the reclamation of a pasture in a sandy Typic Acrudox in the northwest of the state of Paraná, Brazil, based on soil health indicators. On a formerly degraded pasture with Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D.Webster, a trial with three P. maximum (cv. Massai, Tanzânia, or Mombaça) was conducted.Lime and phosphate were applied at set-up, and mineral N and K as topdressing. A remnant of degraded pasture adjacent to the trial was used as control. Twenty-three chemical, physical, microbiological and biochemical attributes were assessed for the 0-10 cm topsoil. The procedures for reclamation improved most of the indicators of soil health in relation to the degraded pasture, such as soil P, mineral N, microbial biomass C, ammonification rate, dehydrogenase activity and acid phosphatase. CO 2 evolution decreased, whereas microbial biomass C increased in the pasture under reclamation, resulting in a lower metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ) that points to a decrease in metabolic stress of the microbial community. The reclamation of the pasture with P. maximum, especially cv. Mombaça, were evidenced by improvements in the microbiological and biochemical soil health indicators, showing a recovery of processes related to C, N and P cycling in the soil.

Soil structure plays an important role in water retention, infiltration capacity, porosity, and penetration resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and physical properties of Oxisol soils (bulk density and macro-, micro-, and total porosity) in the structures identified using the profil cultural method in areas under two different management practices (perennial pasture and sugarcane). Three pits were dug in each plot to find out how homogeneous morphological structural units (HMSU) were organized in the soil. Next, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Ki) was measured in situ inside each HMSU using a triple-ring infiltrometer at multiple suction. Six samples were collected (two samples for each kind of structural organization in each pit) to determine soil bulk density, total porosity, and macro-and microporosity. Each management practice resulted in a distribution of structures in the soil profile. The behavior of morphologically similar clods was the same, regardless of the physical manipulation of the soil. The distribution of structures based on the management practice determines specific hydraulic conductivities in the soil profile.

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