Cognitive performance in mild AD can be reflected by hypo-perfusion of the temporo-parietal region while frontal hypo-perfusion may be mediated by tHcy. tHcy level is an independent risk factor for rapid cognitive decline, especially in the executive function.

The population of elderly patients entering chronic dialysis programmes is increasing. Elderly patients are susceptible to malnutrition and have multiple complicating disorders in addition to uraemia. Selecting appropriate dialysis modality is particularly critical in elderly patients. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has many advantages to elderly patients; however, the clinical outcome varies for elderly CAPD patients. In comparison with Westerners, Southeast Asians have a small body mass index and may be more suited to CAPD therapy. To identify the prognostic predictors in elderly Southeast Asian patients, this historical cohort study analysed 144 patients aged > or = 65 years at initiation of CAPD. A group of haemodialysis (HD) patients aged > or = 65 years was utilised as the control group. Survival curves for patient and technique were derived from Kaplan-Meier analysis and were further analysed by Cox-Mantel log-rank test. To elucidate the impact of individual factors on patient survival, various significant univariables were further subjected to multivariate analysis. No significant increase existed for relative risk of technique failure in elderly patients compared with younger patients. This analytical data indicates that CAPD was as good as HD for elderly uraemic patients regarding to the patient survival. Diabetes, dependent patients, low albumin levels and previous HD history were significant poor prognostic factors for survival of elderly CAPD patients. In conclusion, CAPD is an effective modality of renal replacement therapy for Southeast Asian elderly patients. The technique survival was not affected by patient age.