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Introduction Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 66% of 36.7 million individuals living with HIV in 2015 with Nigeria having the second highest prevalence in Africa. The study aimed to find the prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with HIV infection and compare these findings between high and low prevalence areas. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among adults aged 15 to 49 years from March to April 2015. We administered a questionnaire to collect linked anonymous data on socio-demographic and socio-cultural characteristics and screened all respondents for HIV infection. We defined a high HIV prevalence area as area with prevalence consistently above 5% and an area with prevalence consistently below 2% as low prevalence area. We performed univariate, bivariate and logistic regration analysis to assess factors associated with HIV infection. Results We screened and interviewed all 480 respondents. Majority 344 (71.7%) were females, mean age was 30.1 years (±7.4 years), high proportion were employed 246 (51.2%). In high HIV prevalence area, aged <30 years (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) = 4.2, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.1-20.4) and being employed (AOR= 3.7, 95% CI=1.0-58.8) increased the likelihood of HIV infection. In low HIV prevalence area, lack of education (AOR=7.1, 95% CI= 0.9-32) was the only predictor of HIV infection. Conclusion Interplay of socio-demographic factors was responsible for differences in HIV prevalence. To further decrease prevalence in low prevalence areas (below 1%), government should make universal basic education mandatory and in high prevalence areas, interventions should target the young and the employed.

Background:The under-5 mortality rate in many developing countries has shown little or no improvement over the years. Ravaged by war and poverty, violence which is now a norm in most African countries (including Nigeria) is on the increase and has condensed into most families with women and children bearing the major brunt of this violence. Aim: Effect of maternal exposure to intimate partner violence on under-5 mortality in Nigeria. Methods: Data from nationally representative sample of mothers (aged 15-49 years) was obtained from the 2008 Nigeria Demoraphic and Health Survey. Cox regression and multiple logistic regressions were used to identify and examine the association between maternal exposure to intimate partner violence and under-5 death and use of maternal and child health services after controlling for potential confounding factors. Results: The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nigeria is 34.9%. This may be lower than the actual prevalence due to under reporting of cases of IPV in most developing countries. Women not exposed to intimate partner violence were 0.77 times less likely to lose a child under-5 compared to women exposed to intimate partner violence (HR=0.77 95%CI 0.64-0.81). Decision making autonomy in family activities significantly affected loss of a child under-5 in the face of IPV. Similarly women not exposed to IPV were 1.74 times more likely to use maternal and child health services compared to exposed mothers (OR=1.74 95% CI 1.65-1.83). Age of mother, educational status of mothers, social class, occupation, marital status, access to media and decision making autonomy were retained as important maternal predictors of use of maternal and child health services when exposed to IPV in multivariate analysis (p<0.05). Conclusion: Intimate Partner Violence has a significant effect on under-5 mortality. Therefore tackling this social menace will not only reduce the effect on child mortality but also address the ill societal effect that results from family collapse following IPV.

Objective• To determine the percentage and trends of newly diagnosed HIV positive pregnant women• To determine the percentage of pregnant women that are counseled tested with result.

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