This study investigated the effect of raw sewage on the quality of surface water in Opobo town, Rivers State, Nigeria. The investigation was occasioned by the predominance of direct disposal of raw sewage into surface water bodies in the study area. Opobo town is a coastal community in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria; and in coastal communities, surface water contamination by fecal and organic matter is a primary water quality issue, especially in inland rivers. In the study, samples of surface water were collected with 500ml bottles at seven different points, ranging from the upstream to the downstream of the river. The samples were analyzed for twenty-two different water quality parameters, including turbidity, suspended solids, pH, alkalinity, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), with the following mean values respectively obtained: 5. 6 NTU, 359.3 mg/l, 5.8, 164.1mg/l, 146.3mg/l, 204.7mg/l and 262.7mg/l. There were also substantial doses of total coliform (172.3 cfu/100ml), E. coli (110.5 cfu/100ml), Enterobacter (106.0 cfu/100ml) and salmonella spp (162.7 cfu/100ml). These results were compared with standard criteria for coastal waters designated for aquatic life, recreation, navigation, and industrial water supply. It was found that the discharge of raw sewage into the surrounding surface waters in the area presented water quality that is injurious to both human and aquatic life. The practice is strongly discouraged and treatment of the sewage before disposal also strongly recommended.
This research presents the estimation of the hydropower potential of River Otamiri through the hydrological analysis of the elements of climate as it affects its catchment area (section passing through the Federal University of Technology Owerri). The study involves the estimation of maximum design floods for the watershed using the Gumbels Probability Distribution Method for various return periods (T r ) with the development of unit hydrograph, storm hydrograph, runoff hydrograph and flood duration curve for the catchment area of the river. In addition watershed parameters like peak flow (Q p ), lag time (T l ), time of concentration (T c ) and rainfall intensity (I c ) were determined using the soil conservation service method and other empirical formulas. In order to determine the available flow for power generation, the stage/head of the river was estimated from records provided by the River Basin Development Authority (R.B.D.A) and flow duration analyses were carried out. The analysis revealed that for time flows of 50, 75 and 100% the following energy values were obtained 34.5 MW, 11.3 MW and 1.5 MW, respectively.
The study aimed at the design, construction and performance evaluation of a model Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP). The WSP comprised of one facultative pond and three maturation ponds all in series. The influent of the WSP after filtration through the lined sandy loam media (obtained from the premises of
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