Significant interest has been generated recently in the field of nanoscale materials. This interest stems not only from the outstanding properties that can be obtained in such materials but also from the realization that early skepticism about the ability to produce high-quality, unagglomerated nanoscale powder was unfounded. There are many methods available to form nanocrystalline materials that can be further processed to evolve nanophase and or nanocrystalline structures. Some of these materials are becoming fully commercialized and, accordingly, the focus is shifting from synthesis to processing; that is, how to make useful coatings and structures from these powders. The potential applications span the whole spectrum of technology, for example, from thermal barrier coatings for turbine blades to wear-resistant rotating parts.Significant progress has been made in various aspects of processing nanoscale materials. Most of this work is focused on the fabrication of bulk structures. However, the process most likely to have the earliest (and perhaps the greatest) major technological impact is deposition of coatings by thermally activated processes. This includes thermal spray methods such as HVOF and plasma spray, but also includes innovations such as chemical vapor condensation (CVC) and a number of exciting new combustion processes.The objective of this conference was to assess the state-ofthe-art in understanding the science and technology of thermally sprayed nanocrystalline coatings. The objective was accomplished by addressing the synergism between processing, physical and mechanical characteristics, and the behavior of these novel materials.
Joint research work between the University of Limoges and the State University of New York, Stony Brook, has been carried out on the impact and solidification of plasma sprayed zirconia particles. A measurement device, consisting of a phase doppler particle analyser and a pyrometer, was used to correlate the characteristic parameters of splats to those of the substrate and to the size, velocity and temperature of the impacting particles.
The technology of thermal spray will reach its centenary anniversary in the first decade of the 21st century. It is appropriate to summarize the early literature of the 1900's and present, for posterity, several of the key publications upon which this vital technology rests. This article is broken up into three sections; (i) a summary of early US and UK patent literature is presented in tabular format along with a brief commentary; (ii) several articles (prior to 1915) and books (prior to 1970) from the early literature are mentioned; and (iii) three Appendices reproduce those patents which are indicated as "Master Patents" for thermal spray and which spear-headed its art and science. This article is intended to guide the interested reader towards primary sources of literature upon which present thermal spray science and engineering is based.
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