Abstract--The prospect of consumer digital versatile disk (DVD) recorders highlights the challenge of protecting copyrighted video content from piracy. We describe the copy protection system currently under consideration for DVD. The copy protection system broadly tries to prevent illicit copies from being made from either the analog or digital I/O channels of DVD recorders. An analog copy protection system is utilized to protect the NTSC/PAL output channel by preventing copies to VHS. The digital transmission of content is protected by a robust encryption protocol between two communicating devices. Watermarking is used to encode copy control information retrievable from both digital and analog signals. Hence, such embedded signals avoid the need for meta-data to be carried in either the digital or analog domains. Finally, the copy protection system provides the capability for one-generation copying.We discuss some proposed solutions and some of the implementation issues that are being addressed.
Concurrent increases in network bandwidths and processor speeds have created a performance bottleneck at the workstation-to-network host interface. This is especially true for BISDN networks where the fixed length ATM cell is mismatched with application requirements for data transfer; a successful hardware/software architecture will resolve such differences and offer high end-to-end performance. The solution we report carefully splits protocol processing functions into hardware and software implementations. The interface hardware is highly parallel and performs all per-cell functions with dedicated logic to maximize performance. Software provides support for the transfer of data between the interface and application memory, as well as the state management necessary for virtual circuit setup and maintenance. In addition, all higher level protocol processing is implemented with host software. The prototype connects an IBM RISC System/6000 to a SONET-based ATM network carrying data at the OC-3c rate of 155 Mbps. An experimental evaluation of the interface hardware and software has been performed. Several conclusions about this host interface architecture and the workstations it is connected to are made.
Network fabrics with Gigabit per second (Gbps) bandwidths are available today, but these bandwidths are not yet available to applications. The difficulties lie in the hardware and software architecture through which application data travels between the network and host memory. The hardware portion of the architecture is often called a host interface and the remainder of the protocol stack is implemented in host software.In this paper, we outline a variety of approaches to the architecture of such systems, examine several design points, and study one example in detail. The detailed example, an ATM Host Interface and Operating System support built at the University of Pennsylvania, illustrates design tradeoffs for hardware and software, and some of the implications of these tradeoffs on applications performance.
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