Impaired proliferative response of lymphocytes after mitogenic stimulation ex vivo is a key feature of the generalized immunosuppression induced by measles virus (MV). Compelling evidence suggests that negative signalling by the MV glycoprotein (gp) complex and the surface of uninfected lymphocytes is essential for this effect. So far, the inhibitory activity of this complex applied to all lymphocyte subpopulations irrespective of the mode of stimulation and could not be overcome by external stimulation. This study shows that the isopentenyl pyrophosphate (
The present study was conducted between October 1996 and October 1998 to estimate the frequency of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli among outpatients with diarrhoea in Switzerland. Among 3,041 subjects studied, 16 (0.5%) verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infections were identified. Eleven cases were in infants and children = 6 years of age. In 15 cases, a verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli strain was isolated. These strains belonged to 11 different serotypes, and only two were serogroup O157. In five cases, the infection was probably acquired outside Switzerland. Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli apparently play a minor role in the aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in adult outpatients in Switzerland, but they are important pathogens in preschool children in whom the most severe symptoms are observed.
Somatic cells are differentially counted in the presence of fat globules by detecting fluorescence of nuclear DNA in somatic cells after staining with acridine orange. Milk is diluted and stained in one step and passed through a new instrument, the Cytofluorograf, a rapid flow-through cytophotometer, which illuminates each particle with 4880Å light from an argon ion laser. A pulse of green fluorescence is emitted by each somatic cell nucleus. These pulses are used by the instrument to tally the cells. Damaged cells are clearly distinguished from fat globules. There is no difficulty in setting the threshold for the differential count, even in samples with damaged cells, and additional information of potential diagnostic value is available.
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