SummaryThe chicken major histocompatibility complex B (MHC-B) – a cluster of genes associated with natural disease resistance or susceptibility – has been investigated in experimental and inbred lines by serological typing. However, that method showed some weaknesses for its use on out breeds. This study aims to explore the genetic diversity of the MHC-B of Cameroon indigenous chicken through molecular typing with LEI0258 and MCW0371 microsatellite markers. MHC-B haplotypes of 290 chickens from four agro-ecological zones were identified and compared with published haplotypes. Alleles were analysed for genetic diversity and relationship among Cameroon chicken populations. Hypothetically new LEI0258 alleles and haplotypes were detected. Overall, polymorphism parameters were relatively high in the Cameroon western highlands. The analysis of molecular variance revealed great variability (80.00 percent) between individuals than among and within ecotypes. The inbreeding coefficients of overall populations (FIT), among population (FST) and within population (FIS) were 0.26, 0.04 and 0.22, respectively, and all were highly significant (P< 0.001). A UPGMA tree based on Nei'sDAgenetic distances showed a clear distinction between Cameroon and out-groups and a structuring of within-country populations into three clusters. There is a great genetic diversity of the MHC-B in Cameroon native chicken and also a need of sequencing of the identified alleles for an accurate identification prior to their assessment for natural disease resistance and responsiveness to vaccination.
Cette étude qui a pour principal objectif la caractérisation morpho-biométrique de la poule locale a été conduite de décembre 2010 à mars 2011 dans vingt villages de la Préfecture de la Lobaye en Centrafrique. Elle a porté sur 474 femelles et 183 mâles adultes. Les principaux résultats montrent que les caractéristiques morphologiques de la poule locale sont très hétérogènes. En effet, cinq principaux types d'emplumement ont été observés à savoir: l'emplumement normal (75.8%), le type huppé (10.4%), le cou nu (7.0%), le tarse emplumé (5.9%) et le type frisé (2.3%). La coloration de plumage est variée avec une prédominance des couleurs blanche (18.0%), sauvage (13.4%) et acajou (11.1%). La crête simple est plus fréquente (95.8%), de couleur généralement rouge (55.1%) ou rose (33.8%). Les oreillons sont rouges (24.7%), blancs (24.0%), blancs centrés (18.1%), jaunes (16.1%) ou roses (14.6%). Les barbillons sont surtout rouges (55.4%) ou roses (35.2%). Les tarses sont principalement jaunes (40.6%) ou blancs (37.9%). En ce qui concerne les caractéristiques biométriques, le poids moyen de la poule locale de la Lobaye est de 1176 ± 206 g chez les femelles et 1514 ± 296 g chez les mâles. Le poids vif et la plupart des mensurations corporelles varient en fonction du sexe et du type d'emplumement. Le poids vif ainsi que les mensurations corporelles sont significativement (P < 0.01) plus élevés chez les coqs. De même, les animaux à tarses emplumés sont plus lourds et d'un format plus élevé que les autres phénotypes.Mots-clés: caractérisation phénotypique, diversité, morphobiométrie, poule locale, République centrafrique SummaryThe survey, which had for its main objective, the morphobiometrical characterization of the local chicken was carried out from December 2010 to March 2011 in 20 villages in Lobaye Division in the Central African Republic. It was carried out on 474 adult females and 183 adult males. The main results show that the morphological features are very heterogeneous. Indeed, five main types of feathering were observed: normal feathering (75.8%), crested type (10.4%), naked neck (7.0%), feathered tarsus (5.9%) and frizzle type (2.3%). The colouration of feathers is heterogeneous, with a predominance of the white (18.0%), wild (13.4%) and mahogany (11.1%) colours. The single comb is more frequent (95.8%), and is generally red (33.8%) or pink in colour (55.1%). Earlobes are red (24.7%), white (24.0%), white centred (18.1%), yellow (16.1%) or pink (14.6%). The wattles are mainly red (55.4%) or pink (35.2%). The tarsi are mainly yellow (40.6%) or white (37.9%). With regard to the biometric characteristics, the average weight of the local chicken of Lobaye is 1176 ± 206 g for females and 1514 ± 296 g for males. The live weight and most body measurements vary according to the sex and the feathering type. The live weight and the body measurements are significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the males. In the same way, the animals with feathered tarsi are heavier and bigger than the other phenotypes. ResumenEste estudio que t...
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