Mineral chemistry,40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology on white micas and Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology (AFTT), are applied here to study the provenance of the synorogenic Molare Formation (lowermost unit of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin clastic sequence). The Molare Formation was deposited during transgression onto the Ligurian Alps nappe stack in the Early Oligocene. Depositional facies show that clastic distribution remained transversal, with local sources located just landward from the coastline. Phengite mineral chemistry together with 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data clearly shows two distinctive source areas, each one mirroring the composition of the basement directly beneath the clastic sequence. Amphibole mineral chemistry allows second order provenance distinctions within each sector, reflecting heterogeneous metamorphic evolution of the bedrock complexes. Integrated 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating and AFTT suggest that, following a fast cooling/exhumation episode of the Ligurian Alps during the Oligocene, very little net uplift has since occurred. This is due to a period of general subsidence from the Oligocene-Late Miocene followed by comparable uplift from Late Miocene-Pliocene to the present. In general our data provide an image of the Ligurian Alps during the Oligocene, which is very similar to the present-day one.
The Venetian Basin was affected by flexure related to the Southalpine shortening phase during the Middle Miocene – Early Pliocene. This downbending is quantified here using a two‐dimensional flexural model. A recently improved data set on basin geometry based on the bottom of the Serravallian–Tortonian clastic wedge, on palaeobathymetry and gravity anomalies is used to constrain the components of flexure and to test the importance of the initial bathymetry in evaluating the contribution of surface loads to deflection. A good fit is obtained assuming a northward broken plate configuration of the downbent Adriatic plate with an effective elastic thickness of 20 km. Results highlight that, in the studied region, flexure related to the Eastern Southern Alps is totally due to surface loads (topographic load partly replacing initial bathymetry) and that no hidden loads are required. Furthermore, the palaeobathymetry contributes up to 50% to the total flexure in the studied region.
Integrated geohistory analysis performed on high-resolution stratigraphy of Venezia1and Lido1wells (Quaternary^Pliocene interval) and low-resolution stratigraphy of a simulated well extending Lido 1 down to the base of Cenozoic (Palaeocene^Miocene interval) is used to reconstruct the interplay between subsidence and sedimentation that occurred in the Venice area (eastern Po Plain) during the last 60 Myr, and to discuss the relationships between calculated subsidence rates and time resolution of stratigraphic data. Both subsidence and sedimentation are mostly related to the tectonic evolution of the belts that surround the Venice basin, in£uencing the lithosphere vertical motions and the input of clastic sediments through time. In particular, two subsidence phases are recorded between 40^33.5 and 32.5^24 Myr (0.13 and 0.14 mm year À 1 , respectively), coeval with tectonic phases in the Dinaric belt.Vice versa, during the main South-Alpine orogenic phase (middle^late Miocene), quiescence or little uplift ( À 0.03 mm year À 1 ) re£ects the location of the Venice area close to the peripheral bulge of the South-Alpine foreland system. Early Pliocene evolution is characterised by a number of subsidence/uplift events, among which two uplifts occurred between 5^4.5 and 3^2.2 Myr (at À 0.4 and À 0.2 mm year À 1 , respectively) and can be correlated with tectonic motions in the Apennines. During the last million years, the Venice area was initially characterised by uplift ( À 0.6 mm year À 1 rising to À 1.5 mm year À 1 between 0.4 and 0.38 Myr), eventually replaced by subsidence at a rate ranging between 1.6 and 1.0 mm year À 1 up to 0.12 Myr and then decreased to 0.4 mm year À 1 , as an average, up to present. Our results highlight that time resolution of the stratigraphic dataset deeply in£uences the order of magnitude obtained for the calculated subsidence rate.This is because subsidence seems to have worked through short-lived peaks (in the order of10 5 years), alternating with long relatively quiescent intervals.This suggests caution when components of subsidence are deduced by subtracting long-term to short-term subsidence rate.
Purpose: in the literature, the term ‘Internet crime’ has been coined to\ud indicate the scenario in which a victim of homicide or other crimes is met\ud through a chat room, and lured to death at the hands of the murderer. Various\ud criticisms have been made of this new concept, on the grounds that the outcome\ud is no different from that of other crimes committed without the use of\ud Web resources, and so the method used has no particular influence. Indeed, it\ud has been claimed that informatic crime just reflects a technological change in\ud the nature of crime rather than a new form of criminal behavior attributable\ud to the use of the Internet for criminal purposes. Method: our reflections were\ud prompted by our experience as expert forensic psychiatry witnesses in three\ud cases in which the aggressors had confessed to having had an exclusively\ud virtual relationship with the victims, in which they spent a lot of time daily in\ud a chat room. Conclusion: this scenario offers points for reflection on the\ud nature of Web-mediated victim–aggressor interactions, to assess the effects\ud on the planning and commission of the crime. Discussion. it’s our opinion\ud that there really is such a thing as Internet-correlated crime, because in this\ud case the quality and quantity of the Internet interactions progressively altered\ud the men’s perception of the real relationship between themself and their\ud victims
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