We present here a computer program-the Semiconductor Device Simulator-which simulates the working of three p-n junction devices: the light-emitting diode, the solar cell, and the tunnel diode. This program enables students to create the device starting with two pieces of intrinsic semiconductor material, and doping them appropriately to create a p-n junction device of their choice. While creating the device, students can observe the changes in the energy bands and Fermi level as a response to doping. The device, once created, can then be incorporated into a circuit where the students can observe the energy bands, the I-V graph, as well as the intensity spectrum of the device in response to the changes in applied voltage and/or incident light. No prior knowledge of higher level mathematics is required to use the program. The program is available for Windows™ and Macintosh™ platforms. The flexibility of the program allows it to be used by students over a range of academic levels. We have field tested the program along with associated materials in both high school and university environments. The current version of the program contains modifications based on these field tests.
This paper presents the design and the achievement of a coplanar co mpact broadband microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna has a wide matching input impedance with a return loss less than -10d B. This antenna is developed to widen the narrow bandwidth of a microstrip rectangular patch. The antenna structure is designed, optimized and miniaturized by using Mo mentum software integrated into ADS "Advanced Design System" and co mpared with CST Microwave Studio. The final b roadband antenna is achieved by using FR4 substrate.
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